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The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Analyses of whole-genome sequencing data from UK Biobank and All of Us identify rare variant burden signals associated with metabolic health, including effects of protein-truncating variants in IRS2 on type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease risk.

A study reports whole-genome sequences for 490,640 participants from the UK Biobank and combines these data with phenotypic data to provide new insights into the relationship between human variation and sequence variation.

The acidophilic fungus Acrodontium crateriforme is present in traps of the carnivorous plant Drosera spatulata and promotes prey digestion.

Sadhu et al. identify and functionally validate ferredoxin-1 (FDX1) as a determinant of cholesterol metabolism and cardiovascular risk in Asian populations.

DNA nanostructures with interlocked topologies will tend to display different behaviour to the linear counterparts. Here, the authors show a DNA catenane that is inactive for rolling circle amplification but is activated upon cleavage of one ring, and exploit this for the development of a biosensing system.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide gene–smoking interaction study identifies 13 new loci associated with serum lipids.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

Stratified medicine promises to tailor treatment for individual patients, however it remains a major challenge to leverage genetic risk data to aid patient stratification. Here the authors introduce an approach to stratify individuals based on the aggregated impact of their genetic risk factor profiles on tissue-specific gene expression levels, and highlight its ability to identify biologically meaningful and clinically actionable patient subgroups, supporting the notion of different patient ‘biotypes’ characterized by partially distinct disease mechanisms.

Ovarian and endometrial cancers with CCNE1-amplification are often resistant to standard treatment. Here, the authors identify that CCNE1-amplified gynecological cancer is sensitive to combined PKMYT1 and ATR inhibition via CDK1 activation, resulting in premature mitosis, DNA damage, cell apoptosis and reduced tumour growth and metastasis.

Genome-wide meta-analysis with individuals of East Asian or European ancestry identifies 176 loci associated with schizophrenia. Despite consistent genetic effects across populations, polygenic risk models trained in one population have reduced performance in the other population.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

Dissolved inorganic carbon can be a limiting factor for organic nitrogen production in rivers, and so bedrock composition may influence river chemistry, according to geochemical analysis of rivers in Asia and statistical analysis of global datasets.

Clinically significant genetic variation in Asian populations is under-characterized. Here, the authors show the diversity in prevalence and spectrum of human disease and pharmacogenetic variants in a multi-ethnic Asian population.

A genome-wide association study identifies 17 genetic loci that are associated with the risk of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and shows that the modulation of haematopoietic stem cell function drives MPN risk.

A study of genetic associations identifies 46 new loci associated with alcohol consumption. By assessing their function and potential pleiotropy, the authors suggest genetic mechanisms that are shared with neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia.

Genome-scale CRISPR–Cas9-based synthetic lethality screens identify PKMYT1 as a potential therapeutic target in tumours with CCNE1 amplification.

Two-electron water oxidation is an important strategy to generate H2O2 but it often requires carbonate electrolyte that will often limit its further application. Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃ tablet electrode is found to be able to efficiently produce hydrogen peroxide in noncarbonate electrolyte by a crystal OH mediating pathway.

An observed air pollution peak in Hong Kong originated from a plume of the Taal volcano in the Philippines, according to a modelling study combining ground-based and satellite data.

Progress in understanding coronary artery disease has been hampered by the inability of current approaches to interrogate the human coronary wall at cellular-level resolution. Here, Liu and colleagues introduce a second-generation form of OCT, called ↘OCT, that provides three-dimensional images of human coronary atherosclerosis at an axial resolution of only 1 ↘m—an order of magnitude greater than that provided by standard OCT systems.

Rinse Weersma, Carl Anderson and colleagues report the results of a trans-ancestry association study of inflammatory bowel disease. They implicate 38 new susceptibility loci, and show that the variance explained by each IBD risk locus is consistent across diverse ancestries, with a few notable exceptions.

Studying the contribution of pairs of genes to complex traits has been challenging. Here, the authors combine exome and genotype data with RNAi to screen for genetic interactions between 30 genes identified in lipid GWAS to hint at pairs whose joint modulation may improve lipid-lowering therapies.

Many diseases are driven by the insufficient expression of critical genes, but few technologies are capable of rescuing these endogenous protein levels. Here, Cao et al. present an RNA-based technology that boosts protein production from endogenous mRNAs by upregulating their translation.

Shroff and colleagues report that cell proliferation induces localized mechanical compression in the tissue, driving the formation of the main mouse tooth signalling centre via differential YAP expression.

Structural variations (SV) contribute to inter-individual variability. Here, the authors describe a first-generation multi-ancestry Asian SV catalogue containing 73,035 SVs from 8392 Singaporeans to provide insights into Asian SV diversity.

In this immunological ancillary study of the PREVAC trial, the authors show that approved Ebola virus vaccines induce memory T-cell responses that persist during the five year follow-up after initial vaccination.

A dataset of the genomes of 363 species from the Bird 10,000 Genomes Project shows increased power to detect shared and lineage-specific variation, demonstrating the importance of phylogenetically diverse taxon sampling in whole-genome sequencing.

Claeys and Van den Eynden demonstrate that the genotype-specific binding properties of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) can predict outcome in melanoma patients treated with immunotherapy. Their results suggest an immunomodulatory role of non-canonical MHC-II presentable neoantigens.

A machine learning model for generating crop-specific and spatially explicit NH₃ emission factors globally shows that global NH₃ emissions in 2018 were lower than previous estimates that did not fully consider fertilizer management practices.

Despite many common genetic variants being linked to depression, the impact of rare coding variants on depression remains largely unknown. Here, the authors perform a whole-exome sequencing study of depression, providing insights into the rare genetic architecture of depression.

A systematic analysis of lignin biosynthetic genes to quantitatively understand their effect on wood properties is still lacking. Here, the authors integrate transcriptomic, proteomic, fluxomic and phenomic data to quantify the impact of perturbations of transcript abundance on lignin biosynthesis and wood properties.

Analyses of data from high-throughput genomic technologies are challenging given large data dimensionality. Here, Liu and colleagues describe a method called MANCIE (Matrix Analysis and Normalization by Concordant Information Enhancement) that can conduct genomic data normalization and bias correction to detect biologically relevant information.

The burden of mosaic chromosomal alterations in blood-derived DNA, a type of clonal hematopoiesis, is associated with an increased risk for diverse types of infections, including sepsis and pneumonia.

Temporal multi-omic analysis of tissues from rats undergoing up to eight weeks of endurance exercise training reveals widespread shared, tissue-specific and sex-specific changes, including immune, metabolic, stress response and mitochondrial pathways.

Jimmy Liu and colleagues perform genome-wide association by proxy (GWAX) in a large population cohort by replacing cases with their first-degree relatives. They apply GWAX to 12 common diseases and show its utility by identifying new risk loci for Alzheimer's disease, coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes.

There is a genetic component to the risk of severe COVID-19, but the genetic effects are difficult to separate from social constructs that covary with genetic ancestry. To address this, the authors identify determinants of COVID-19 severity using admixture mapping, viral phylodynamics, and host immune and metagenomic sequencing.

A population-scale map of gene expression in primary human microglia provides a systematic exploration of microglia diversity and how age, sex, pathology, cortical anatomy and common germline genetic variation influence the microglia transcriptome.

An algorithm-selected gene signature focused on tumor immune evasion and suppression predicts response to immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma, exceeding the accuracy of current clinical biomarkers.

Via specific acid etching, the authors report the production of spatially differentiated Bi4Ti3O12 nanosheets to accelerate photogenerated charge transfer and separation for effective water splitting in a one-step excitation system with a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 0.1%.

Analysis of rare coding variants in the UK Biobank identifies eight genes associated with adult cognitive function, including KDM5B. Rare and common variant signals overlap and contribute additively to the phenotype.

It is known that exercise influences many human traits, but not which tissues and genes are most important. This study connects transcriptome data collected across 15 tissues during exercise training in rats as part of the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium with human data to identify traits with similar tissue specific gene expression signatures to exercise.

The spontaneous emission rate and emission intensity of dye molecules are significantly enhanced by using a nanopatterned multilayer hyperbolic metamaterial.

This study demonstrates that the burden of protein-truncating variants identified through population-scale exome sequencing impacts how long we live. The authors report four distinct human lifespan genes with roles in cancer and clonal hematopoiesis.

Acidic conditions present a solution to carbonate formation in CO₂ electrolysis but create a selectivity issue through competing H₂ evolution. Here, theoretical methods are used to optimize acidity and select Pd–Cu as a selective electrocatalyst for acidic CO₂ reduction with negligible carbonate crossover and high single-pass carbon efficiency.

The lack of appropriate models restricts pre-clinical research for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here the authors report the development and characterization of NPC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), and EBV positive NPC cell line from patient tumor, and suggest their potential use in future NPC research.

The influence of X chromosome genetic variation on blood lipids and coronary heart disease (CHD) is not well understood. Here, the authors analyse X chromosome sequencing data across 65,322 multi-ancestry individuals, identifying associations of the Xq23 locus with lipid changes and reduced risk of CHD and diabetes mellitus.

The long noncoding RNA XIST plays a central role in sex-specific gene expression in humans by silencing one of two X chromosomes in female cells. Here the authors show that higher order secondary structure creates the modular domain structure of XIST ribonucleoprotein complex and spatial separation of functions.

Daniel Benjamin, Meike Bartels, Philipp Koellinger and colleagues report a genome-wide association meta-analysis of subjective well-being, depressive symptoms and neuroticism. The study leverages a large sample size together with genetic correlations between the phenotypes to identify, with high confidence, loci associated with each phenotype.