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Negative regulator of thermotolerance 1 (NAT1) is identified as a negative regulator of thermotolerance in rice through the NAT1–bHLH110–CER1/CER1L module. Modifying NAT1 by targeted gene editing increases wax deposition and enhances thermotolerance in rice.

Efficient chemical synthesis of nucleoside is challenging due to the low reactivity of nucleobases acceptors. Herein, the authors report a protocol for nucleoside synthesis with glycosyl o-(tert-butylethynyl)phenyl thioglycosides as donors.

Kidney-resident Cxcl9high macrophages in lupus nephritis mice drive disease progression by recruiting circulating Cxcr3+ plasmablasts into kidneys, where the latter differentiate into long-lived plasma cells and secrete antibodies.

This study reports that the gene SMPED1, located in a previously identified dichogamy-determining region in Alpinia species, controls the timing of sex-organ synchrony, improving our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of plant sexual diversity.

Sustained epigenetic silencing in monkeys is made more efficient with optimized regulators.

Tandem electro-biocatalytic systems present a versatile platform for producing a variety of synthetic products using CO₂ as a starting material. Here direct ocean carbon capture is incorporated into an electrolysis scheme to produce formic acid from CO₂ dissolved in seawater that is subsequently converted to succinate in a bioreactor.

The primary entry route of vanilloid ligands to the vanilloid-binding site in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is found to be a distinct and targetable hydrophobic pathway at the TRPV1–cell membrane interface rather than through direct membrane penetration.

Anti-TSLP biologics have shown promise for the clinical treatment of type 2 respiratory disease. Here the authors present a clinical trial of CM326, a monoclonal antibody against TSLP, and show the clinical effects in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP), who present with type 2-dominant inflammation.

A comprehensive metabolomic atlas of major fetal organs in late-gestation mice by integrates untargeted and targeted metabolomics with multi-omics data, offering new insights into fetal development and metabolic preparation for birth.

This study reports age-dependent negative correlations between temporal changes in maximal leaf area index and growing season length, indicating contrasting leaf acclimation strategies driving vegetation greening in young versus old deciduous broadleaf forests.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a promising platform for mRNA delivery, but their use in inflammatory pulmonary diseases is limited by reactogenicity and suboptimal delivery. Here, the authors report a VATPase activating non-inflammatory LNP (NIF-LNP) exhibiting a 40fold enhancement in lung protein expression without causing significant reactogenicity compared to commercial LNPs.

Autonomous delivery of exogenous cargo into plant tissues is achieved by a nanocarrier system harnessing amino acid transporters, enabling force-free, species-independent uptake and ultra-low dose drought resistance in crops like soybean and maize.

SARS-CoV-2 variants with immune escape capability highlight the need for the development of cross-neutralising vaccines and regimens. Here, the authors assess the immunogenicity and safety of NVSI-06-08, that integrates antigens from multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains into a single immunogen, as a heterologous booster in adults previously vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Bats wings are formed from elongated digits and wing membranes. Here, the authors present single-cell transcriptomic sequencing of bat limbs at various developmental stages and offer insights into the mechanisms underlying bat wing development.

A DNA matrix material potentiates humoral response through multiple administration routes, generating neutralizing antibodies and conferring robust protection against infection.

In this clinical trial, the authors demonstrate that recombinant gE-Fc Fusion Protein Vaccine LZ901 for herpes zoster induces superior cellular immunogenicity and exhibits a better safety profile than HZ/su in adults ≥50 years, supporting its potential as vaccine candidate.

Photocorrosion caused by unreacted holes limits the performance of photocatalysts for photocatalytic seawater splitting. Here, the authors report that a hollow ZnIn₂S₄ structure with CoOx and Pt single atoms enables efficient, durable hydrogen production from seawater via dynamic self-reconstruction.

For electrochemical CO₂ reduction to CO, there exists a trade-off between selectivity and activity for noble metal catalysts. Here, authors report a Cu-based trimetallic catalyst that is selective to CO, challenging the monopoly of noble metals in CO₂-to-CO conversion.

The direct electro-reduction of diluted CO₂ in acidic media can circumvent CO₂ purification and reduce carbon loss. Here, the authors use an ionomer coating layer to enrich the diluted CO₂ and block proton transport, thereby achieving high carbon utilization in diluted CO₂ in an acidic electrolyte.

Pd catalysts are promising for methane-to-methanol conversion, but structure–performance links remain unclear. This study uses facet-controlled Pd nanocrystals, revealing {111}-facets enhance methanol yield via optimal intermediate adsorption.

Clinical approaches for cancer therapy face several interrelated challenges. Here, Xue et al. presented an integrated wearable flexible ultrasound microneedle patch that serves as a portable platform for convenient and minimally invasive cancer therapy.

Monkeypox or Mpox represents a worldwide health emergency, and efficient vaccines are urgently needed. Here authors present a modified vaccinia virus as vaccine candidate, generated from the Tiantan strain by targeted gene deletion to make it replication-deficient, which elicits robust immune response in both mouse and macaque models, with favourable safety and long-lasting protection profiles in the non-human primates.

This study identifies a regulatory module in which UBC32 and SC35 regulate bZIP49 splicing to maintain potassium balance, revealing how poplar adapts to salt stress and providing new insights into plant responses to soil salinity.

HIV infection is associated with increased risk of more severe Mpox, yet the underlying mechanisms aren’t well understood. Here, the authors reveal increased MPXV replication and immune dysfunction in SIV-MPXV co-infected rhesus macaques and, using proteomics and phosphoproteomics from multiple organs, identify involved pathways.

Kang et al. reveal that enzyme activity within biomolecular condensates diminishes with aging, as these liquid droplets transition to a solid state. This process leads to a significant decrease in their ability to enhance biochemical reactions.

A smartphone-controlled ingestible capsule can have a two-way communication with engineered microbes inside the gut via light-induced signals.

High-energy aqueous metal batteries are promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems yet face detrimental parasitic reactions. Here, authors develop a durable cadmium-metal battery employing a fast-kinetics dual-structure-breaking electrolyte.

Hydrogels are essential for stem cell-based tissue regeneration but struggle with hard tissue repair. The authors report a shell-hardened macroporous hydrogel with spatiotemporally programmed mechanics to enhance stem cell-driven bone regeneration.

The phenol industry faces a pressing sustainability challenge from the production of acetone as a by-product at a level far beyond its market. Here the authors develop an electro-biosystem that can efficiently convert such surplus acetone into valuable long-chain commodity chemicals.

Xue Zhang, Jing Yu Liu and colleagues report SLC20A2 mutations in familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC, also known as Fahr disease). These mutations impair the function of the type III phosphate transporter encoded by SLA20A2 and may disturb phosphate homeostasis in the body.

Age-related macular degeneration is a prominent cause of irreversible blindness among the elderly. Here Huang et al.identify a novel missense variant in UBE3D that sheds new light on the pathogenesis of the disease.

PINK1/Parkin-mediated ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy is a key regulator of browning in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Here, the authors report that PNPLA7, an Endoplasmic Reticulum and mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) protein, inhibits browning of iWAT by promoting PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy upon cold challenge or adrenergic receptor agonist treatment.

Sleep transforms memory: greater REM relative to SWS is associated with reduced item-specific details but enhanced category-level representations, underscoring distinct roles of sleep stages in memory transformation.

The authors show that LARP4 drives T cell dysfunction in tumors by promoting hypertranslation of oxidative phosphorylation-related mRNAs, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. They also target LARP4 to enhance T cell persistence and anti-tumor activity and provide a CAR T cell strategy for treating solid and liquid tumors.

After target binding, PIWI proteins undergo a conformational change from ‘open’ to ‘locked’, facilitating base pairing and enhancing target cleavage efficiency, providing insights into how dynamic conformational changes from PIWI coordinate cofactors to safeguard gametogenesis.

Nuclear RNA decay regulates gene expression in cultured cells, but its role in animals is largely unclear. Here, authors found that the nuclear exosome co-factor MTR4 functions in shaping the transcriptome for meiosis initiation and male fertility.