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Using inbred medaka strains, the authors mapped 59 genetic loci linked to heart rate. Gene editing validated conserved genes affecting heart rate and morphology, highlighting the power of isogenic strains in uncovering mechanisms of cardiac traits and disease.

Exsolution enables the formation of active catalytic nanoparticles, but their thermal stability remains limited. Here, the authors use secondary-electron imaging at atomic resolution to directly visualize the coarsening of exsolved nanoparticles.

Metalloporphyrins have a variety of roles in nature, including catalysis and the transport of respiratory gases, and many of these involve the binding of diatomic molecules. Now, the interaction of carbon monoxide with simple iron- and cobalt-porphyrins has been studied at the single-molecule level, revealing a surprising binding scheme.

In hepatocellular carcinoma driven by non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, aberrant T cell activation and impaired immune surveillance seem to make hepatocellular carcinoma less responsive to anti-PD1 or anti-PDL1 immunotherapy.

The structure of the apo form of calcyclin, a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins, reveals a novel dimer fold that may reflect the presence of a new interface for target protein recognition.

Exsolved metal nanoparticles are widely believed to exhibit an exceptional robustness against coarsening. Here, the authors demonstrate that the coarsening behavior depends on the surface defect chemistry of the respective oxide support as well as the oxophilicity of the exsolved metal.

Researchers found that a plant U1 snRNP complex associates with 200 proteins and conducts splicing-independent roles by safeguarding RNAs against premature cleavage and polyadenylation, similar to a process known as telescripting in metazoans.

Dewald et al. combine a non-invasive sampling approach (Lolli-Test) with an RT qPCR-pool testing strategy to screen for SARS-CoV-2 infections in children and use the method for surveillance and infection control in > 4000 school and daycare settings.

The ATP synthase has been suggested to contain the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), which has a crucial role in cell death. Here the authors show that reconstituted ATP synthase monomers form voltage-gated and Ca²⁺ -activated channels with the key features of mPTP.

Analyses of genomes from 914 children, adolescents, and young adults provide a comprehensive resource of genomic alterations across a spectrum of common childhood cancers.

Iodic acid (HIO₃) forms aerosols very efficiently, but its gas-phase formation mechanism is not well understood. Atmospheric simulation chamber experiments, quantum chemical calculations and kinetic modelling have now revealed that HIO₃ forms as an early iodine oxidation product from hypoiodite. The mechanism explains field measurements and suggests a catalytic role for iodine in particle formation.

ATP synthase synthesizes and hydrolyzes ATP by a unique rotational mechanism. A new study elucidates an important step of the catalytic mechanism, the timing of the release of the reaction product P_i in ATP hydrolysis.

Structural, spectroscopic and kinetic analyses suggest that class II benzoyl-CoA reductases from anaerobic bacteria use an unusual tungsten cofactor and a conserved histidine to perform a reduction akin to the widely used Birch reduction in organic chemistry.

Known genetic loci account for only a fraction of the genetic contribution to Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the authors have performed a large genome-wide meta-analysis comprising 409,435 individuals to discover 6 new loci and demonstrate the efficacy of an Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score.

Many intracellular pathogens mimic extracellular matrix motifs to specifically interact with the host membrane which may influences virus particle uptake. Here authors use single molecule tension sensors to reveal the minimal forces exerted on single virus particles and demonstrate that the uptake forces scale with the adhesion energy.

Two-dimensional photocurrent spectroscopy can identify coherent electronic dynamics and offers promise for studies of numerous material systems. Karki et al. now show that the method can be used to study ultrafast carrier processes in lead sulphide quantum dots, such as multiple exciton generation.

The bulk properties of materials that lack long-range order have been widely studied, but their local structures remain difficult to elucidate. Now, using scanning tunnelling microscopy, researchers have been able to look more closely at the structural motifs of robust, two-dimensional glassy networks assembled through metal–ligand interactions.

Genomic analysis of 491 medulloblastoma samples, including methylation profiling of 1,256 cases, effectively assigns candidate drivers to most tumours across all molecular subgroups.

By performing experiments under upper tropospheric conditions, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and ammonia can form particles synergistically, at rates orders of magnitude faster than any two of the three components.

Measurements in the CLOUD chamber at CERN show that the rapid condensation of ammonia and nitric acid vapours could be important for the formation and survival of new particles in wintertime urban conditions, contributing to urban smog.

Mutations in the RNA-binding protein roquin-1 are known to result in humoral autoimmunity. Heissmeyer and colleagues show that MALT1 cleavage of roquin and regnase-1 downstream of TCR signaling releases cooperatively repressed targets to promote T_H17 cell differentiation

Synthetic biology should look to other industries' models for ownership and open sharing.

The full extent of the genetic basis for hearing impairment is unknown. Here, as part of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, the authors perform a hearing loss screen in 3006 mouse knockout strains and identify 52 new candidate genes for genetic hearing loss.

The genetic basis of metabolic diseases is incompletely understood. Here, by high-throughput phenotyping of 2,016 knockout mouse strains, Rozman and colleagues identify candidate metabolic genes, many of which are associated with unexplored regulatory gene networks and metabolic traits in human GWAS.

ATP synthase research has reached a milestone as single-molecule techniques are used to examine the direction and stepping of the proton gradient–driven rotation, to determine the effect of forced rotation on ATP synthesis and to synchronously monitor rotation and nucleotide kinetics.

Histone H4 is released from neutrophil extracellular traps and induces membrane lysis in vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to the destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques.

Medulloblastoma is the most common brain tumour in children; using whole-genome sequencing of tumour samples the authors show that the clinically challenging Group 3 and 4 tumours can be tetraploid, and reveal the expression of the first medulloblastoma fusion genes identified.

Migrating dendritic cells can adapt their adhesive properties to switch between integrin-dependent and -independent modes of migration. By modulating their actin polymerization dynamics, cells can maintain a steady migration speed through a changing environment.

This protocol describes FlowSOM, a clustering and visualization algorithm for unsupervised analysis of high-dimensional cytometry data. The protocol provides clearly annotated R code and an example dataset for inexperienced users.

The DECIDE-AI checklist, resulting from a multi-stakeholder group of experts in a Delphi process and following the EQUATOR Network’s recommendations, includes key items that should be reported in early-stage clinical studies of AI-based decision support systems, to ensure a responsible and transparent deployment of AI systems in healthcare.