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Selective borylation of azines—nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycles used in the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals—is made possible by forming a radical from an aminoborane using a photocatalyst.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Familial myeloid malignancies have recently been classified as separate disease entities. Here, using whole-exome sequencing of affected pedigrees - the authors highlight genetic variants associated with these conditions.

Viruses play an important role in microbial communities but, due to limitations of available techniques, our understanding of viral diversity is limited. Here, the authors use SVGs and identify highly abundant viruses in marine communities that have been previously overlooked.

Many microorganisms are auxotrophic, that is, unable to synthesize the compounds they require for growth. Here, Ramoneda et al. predict amino acid biosynthetic capabilities of over 26,000 bacterial genomes using a metabolic pathway model validated with empirical data, and identify ecological contexts in which auxotrophy can be a successful strategy.

Two-electron redox cycles are the basis for much of the synthetic utility of noble metals in organic chemistry, but these mechanisms have not been explored for silver. Here, the authors show a silver(I)/silver(III) catalytic cycle operating in cross-coupling reactions.

Glutamate transporters conduct chloride ions through an aqueous channel with hydrophobic gates that forms during the glutamate transport cycle.

A study of global tree ring data records over the last century reveals a temporal trade-off between resistance and resilience to drought for gymnosperms.

Cystinuria is an inherited disease characterized by the failure to reabsorb filtered cystine and dibasic amino acids in the proximal tubule that leads to the formation of cystine stones. In this Review, Chillarón and colleagues discuss the genetic mutations that lead to cystinuria, the molecular mechanisms by which some of these mutations may cause the disease, and the current and prospective treatment options for recurrent cystine lithiasis.

Cancer cells are reliant on nutrients such as glutamine, which enter the cell via the alanine/serine/cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2). Here, authors use crystallography to show which amino-acid residues in the substrate-binding site are responsible for conferring glutamine selectivity to ASCT2.

Melanocytes can de-differentiate into neural crest cell (NCC)- like states during metastatic melanoma progression. Here the authors compare DNA methylation profiles of NCCs and melanocytes, as well as primary and metastatic patient tissues and identify that DNA methylation changes of NR2F2 isoform 2 influence cell state transitions and melanoma metastatic spread.

Jessica Zucman-Rossi and colleagues report exome sequences of 243 hepatocellular carcinomas. They identify mutational signatures associated with specific risk factors such as alcohol, tobacco and aflatoxin B1 and find genetic alterations potentially targetable by FDA-approved drugs in 28% of the tumors.

Iron export from vertebrate cells is mediated by ferroportin, which is suppressed by the peptide hormone hepcidin. Taniguchi et al. present crystal structures of a putative bacterial ferroportin homologue in both outward- and inward-facing states, providing insight into its transport mechanism.

Clinical studies have suggested that the therapeutic potential of polyclonal convalescent plasma is highest in the first days of symptoms. Here, the authors present results from a pooled analysis of two clinical trials in COVID-19 outpatients that did not provide conclusive evidence in favor of convalescent plasma.

Autoimmune congenital heart block is more likely to occur in the babies of women with rheumatic diseases, particularly women seropositive for anti-Ro or anti-La autoantibodies. Here, the authors provide advice for the management of these women and their babies in juxtaposition to a systematic assessment of the epidemiology and classification of the disease.

Electron transport chains rely on interactions between redox proteins, but the distance-dependence of the electron transfer rate through the solution is unknown. Here, the authors show that the current between two redox protein partners occurs at long distances and is electrochemically gated.

High-dimensional datasets derived from time-resolved live imaging of leukocytes in mice were used to identify leukocyte identities and dynamic neutrophil states with high cellular resolution.

Allocation of therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains complex, as most drugs used to treat this disease are used off-label—a situation compounded by the emergence of new therapeutics. In this rapidly changing clinical setting, organ-specific therapeutic guidelines might be useful for 'real world' management of patients with SLE.

Immunosuppression has been associated with viral reactivation in patients with chronic viral infections. A prospective study has concluded that it is safe to use anti-tumor-necrosis-factor agents in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection receiving antiviral prophylaxis. Is there sufficient evidence to back up this conclusion?

Systemic sclerosis is complex disease for which effective therapies remain elusive. In this Review article, Ramos-Casals and colleagues highlight therapeutic approaches to the treatment of systemic sclerosis, and suggest that the future of systemic sclerosis therapy might be as multifaceted as the disease itself.

Both sicca and systemic symptoms affect quality of life in patient with Sjögren's syndrome, and their management is complicated by the low level of evidence supporting the available therapeutic options. Here, the authors comprehensively review the data on the efficacy of treatments for the glandular and extraglandular manifestations of this disease. Ramos-Casals and colleagues also recommend treatment approaches tailored to different clinical scenarios that patients with Sjögren's syndrome can present.

Monoclonal antibodies are being used to treat a variety of autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis, neuromuscular diseases and rheumatoid arthritis, but neurological adverse effects have been reported in a substantial number of patients. Bosch et al. describe the characteristics, pathogenesis and outcomes of neurological disorders associated with monoclonal antibody therapy, and make recommendations regarding their management.

Cryoglobulinaemia is characterized by the presence of precipitable immunoglobulins in the serum and can lead to a clinical syndrome called cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis. This Primer describes the underlying mechanisms, diagnosis and management of cryoglobulinaemia.