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Amundsen Sea records show warm Circumpolar Deep Water drove major West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat from 18,000–10,000 years ago. Subsequent cooling stabilized the grounding line, indicating ocean heat—not atmospheric warming—controlled long-term WAIS change.

Using interviews, this paper establishes that experts agree government intervention is critical in enabling climate-resilient housing, given the transformative potential of regulatory reform, finance, and information services.

Most pachytene PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have no biological function; however, a small population enhances sperm fitness, which has led to their persistence in mammalian evolution.

Climate change can alter when and how animals grow, breed, and migrate, but it is unclear whether this allows populations to persist. This global study shows that shifts in seasonal timing are key to helping vertebrate species maintain population growth under global warming.

In an arm of an ongoing multicenter phase 2 trial testing different therapies in patients with genetically profiled grade 2 or 3 meningiomas, treatment with an oral CDK4/6 inhibitor met the primary endpoint for progression-free survival at 6 months in patients with CDK or NF2 alterations.

Oceans provide essential ecosystem services to human society, yet the climate impacts on blue capital have long been ignored. Incorporating the latest works on ocean science and economics, researchers show that accounting for the potential damage would almost double the social cost of carbon estimation.

Using activity-based chemical probes, oncogenic IDH1-R132H but not the wild type was found to acquire a unique autopalmitoylation at C269. This mutant-specific modification is critical for the enzyme’s abnormal activity in cancer.

Neurons within high-grade human gliomas were more electronically active than those within low-grade ones, and glioma cells in high-grade glioma had smaller but longer-lasting synaptic responses. Heightened neuron–glioma activity was associated with faster proliferation.

The authors find that TDP-43 loss of function—the pathology defining the neurodegenerative conditions ALS and FTD—induces novel mRNA polyadenylation events, which have different effects, including an increase in RNA stability, leading to higher protein levels.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Data from a variety of sources—including satellite, climate and soil data, as well as field-collected information on plant traits—are pooled and analysed to map the functional diversity of tropical forest canopies globally.

Solids embedded with fluid inclusions are intuitively softer than their pure counterparts. But experiments show that when the droplets are small enough, material can become stiffer—highlighting a role for surface tension.

Magnetic reconnection, thought to drive solar eruptions, has been studied with remote sensing. The Parker Solar Probe has directly measured reconnection-associated plasma properties in situ in the solar corona, deepening our understanding of the process.

This pilot trial showed that perioperative treatment with the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitor safusidenib of patients with low-grade IDH-mutant glioma, with craniotomy and lumbar puncture before and after treatment, is feasible and safe and enabled in-depth translational investigation of safusidenib treatment-induced changes in the tumor, including electrophysiological effects.

Time delays in the responses of species to one another are expected to occur widely in nature. Using a new theoretical framework, the authors show that these delays can fundamentally shift how different communities respond to perturbations.

Regioselectivity during electrophilic aromatic substitution is typically controlled by substituents on the aryl group. Here the authors report an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, wherein remote chiral ester groups direct the electrophile to a precise location on the molecule.

Gene duplication and subsequent paralogue diversification are major obstacles to genotype-to-phenotype predictability.

Here they perform a systematic dissection of OCT4 and reveal how intrinsically disordered regions can be used to serve specific functions during reprogramming and embryonic development. This can be exploited to engineer more efficient and specific reprogramming factors.

As presented at the ESMO Congress 2025: Results of the phase 2/3 AGITG DYNAMIC-III trial show that de-escalated chemotherapy based on ctDNA-negative status in patients with stage III colon cancer did not meet non-inferiority for 3-year recurrence-free survival when compared to standard of care, although it enables better informed treatment decisions.

Klebanoff and colleagues report that survival and persistence of CAR-T and CAR-NK cells are regulated by a FAS ligand–FAS autoregulatory circuit, showing that disabling FAS signaling enhances their antitumor efficacy in preclinical models.

Motif grammar on nucleosome fibres acts as signpost elements, directing TF combinatorial binding to enhancers.

Nucleosome profiling from cell-free DNA (cfDNA) represents a potential approach for cancer detection and classification. Here, the authors develop Griffin, a computational framework for tumour subtype classification based on cfDNA nucleosome profiling that can work with ultra-low pass sequencing data.

Assessing adaptation progress is key to reducing risk associated with climate change, yet the status of adaptation in most sectors is unclear. This study assesses the state of coastal adaptation globally and finds that current efforts fulfil about half of the total potential.

Uncalled4 is a toolkit for nanopore signal alignment, analysis and visualization allowing for performant detection and analysis of DNA and RNA modifications.

Year-round tracer data from the MOSAiC expedition reveal strong variability in Siberian matter dispersal along the Arctic Transpolar Drift, driven by shifting river inputs and ice–ocean exchange, underscoring complex dynamics in a changing Arctic

A systematic review of evidence, across the key pillars of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, outlines milestones that need to be met to enable the broad clinical implementation of precision medicine in diabetes care.

Observations from an underwater glider show that meltwater from giant icebergs increases ocean stratification near the surface and mixing below, potentially impacting biological productivity.

Hydroclimate reconstructions reveal that geological global warming disrupted periodical precipitation patterns and induced dry conditions in sub-tropical areas. Anthropogenic global warming may cause similar aridification in Mediterranean zones.

This study performs a systematic review of empirical evidence for climate change adaptation in coastal cities around the world. It found that reported adaptation is mostly slow, narrow, and not transformative as coastal cities predominantly focus their adaptation on past and current challenges, and not future scenarios of risk.

Mutation associated neoantigens are a family of highly specific therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer. Here, the authors describe the cryo-EM structure of an antibody bound to a neoantigen complex providing insights into the specificity of the antibody.

Flooding of the desiccated Mediterranean ~5 Myr ago resulted in east–west differences in salinity stratification, which delayed the return of normal marine conditions throughout the basin, according to proxy records and model simulations.

A study reports whole-genome sequences for 490,640 participants from the UK Biobank and combines these data with phenotypic data to provide new insights into the relationship between human variation and sequence variation.

Adoro and colleagues report the involvement of the IRE1α–XBP1 signaling axis in protecting hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from proteomic stress and as a safeguard against leukemic transformation.

Absolute microbial abundances delineate longitudinal dynamics of bacteria, fungi and archaea in the infant gut microbiome, uncovering drivers of microbiome development masked by relative abundances and revealing notable parallels to macroscopic ecosystem assemblies.

An analysis of the impact of logging intensity on biodiversity in tropical forests in Sabah, Malaysia, identifies a threshold of tree biomass removal below which logged forests still have conservation value.

The risks to human well-being of floods in the United States have long been overlooked and underestimated, particularly for low-income and marginalized communities. In Los Angeles, flood risks are disproportionately high for historically disadvantaged populations and communities already facing social inequities.

To role that carceral institutions play in Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission remains somewhat unknown. Authors perform a prospective genomic surveillance study, to assess transmission dynamics in prisons and surrounding communities in Paraguay.

Ecosystems must be able to bounce back from perturbations to persist without species extinctions. This study uses theoretical modelling to show the importance of reactivity—how species respond in the short term to perturbations—for assessing the health of complex ecosystems, revealing that it can be a better predictor of extinction risk than stability.

Far from frozen and sterile environments, glaciers are biogeochemical reactors and regulators. This Review outlines key biogeochemical and associated physical processes occurring in glacierized environments and the known impacts of glaciers on elemental cycling and the Earth system.

It is unclear whether climate driven phenological shifts of tundra plants are consistent across the plant growing season. Here the authors analyse data from a network of field warming experiments in Arctic and alpine tundra, finding that warming differentially affects the timing and duration of reproductive and vegetative phenology.

Cytosolic CHMP5 is known for its primary function in membrane remodelling. Here the authors report that nuclear CHMP5 promotes T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia initiation and maintenance in part through regulating epigenetic and transcriptional events.

Unlike Amazonian forests, African forests have maintained their carbon sink until recently but by 2030 the African carbon sink will have shrunk by 14 per cent and the Amazonian sink will reach almost zero.