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Donors spins in silicon are coherent, high-performance qubits, but scale-up has been challenging. Here the authors present the first experimental demonstration of exchange-based, entangling two qubit gates between electrons bound to ³¹P donors in Si.

This paper reports the formation of a Mott insulator of a repulsively interacting two-component Fermi gas in an optical lattice. It is identified by three features: a drastic suppression of doubly occupied lattice sites, a strong reduction of the compressibility inferred from the response of double occupancy to an increase in atom number, and the appearance of a gapped mode in the excitation spectrum. The results pave the way for further studies of the Mott insulator, including spin-ordering and ultimately the question of d-wave superfluidity.

A direct comparison of high harmonic generation in the solid and gas phases of Ar and Kr reveals higher harmonics in these rare-gas solids caused by strong interband couplings; evidence of recollisions implies that gas-phase techniques for attosecond pulse generation and orbital tomography could be adapted for solids.

Time-dependent errors are one of the main obstacles to fully-fledged quantum information processing. Here, the authors develop a general methodology to monitor time-dependent errors, which could be used to make other characterisation protocols time-resolved, and demonstrate it on a trapped-ion qubit.

Hybrid systems composed of defect centres in diamond and mechanical resonators are promising for studies in quantum information science and optomechanics. Here, the authors show direct coupling of the spin of a nitrogen–vacancy centre to a diamond cantilever through lattice strain.

Universal quantum logic operations with fidelity exceeding 99%, approaching the threshold of fault tolerance, are realized in a scalable silicon device comprising an electron and two phosphorus nuclei, and a fidelity of 92.5% is obtained for a three-qubit entangled state.

A study reports a dual quantum spin Hall insulator in monolayer TaIrTe₄, arising from the interplay of its single-particle topology and density-tuned electron correlations.

Fault-tolerant circuits for the control of a logical qubit encoded in 13 trapped ion qubits through a Bacon–Shor quantum error correction code are demonstrated.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

A new type of Hall effect—the layer Hall effect—is produced in a 2D antiferromagnet that does not exhibit any net magnetization.

It was predicted that in the regime of strong electron-phonon interactions, electrons and phonons can form a coupled non-equilibrium state, characterized by the conservation of the total momentum and by hydrodynamic transport. Here, the authors report experimental evidence for such a coupled electron-phonon liquid in NbGe₂.

Elucidation of the framework structure of zeolites can sometimes prove difficult. The combination of powder diffraction and electron microscopy using a charge-flipping algorithm enables ordered silicon vacancies in a zeolite catalyst to be revealed.

Protein scaffolds can serve as alternatives to antibodies in a range of applications. Here, the authors report the design and development of Alphabody™, a protein scaffold featuring a single-chain antiparallel triple-helix coiled-coil fold that the authors use to develop Alphabodies that can neutralize human IL-23 with high specificity and affinity.

Analysis of HbA1c and FPG levels across 117 population-based studies demonstrates regional variation in prevalence of previously undiagnosed screen-detected diabetes using one or both measures and suggests that use of elevated FPG alone could underestimate diabetes prevalence in low- and middle-income countries.

From 1980 to 2018, the levels of total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreased in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe.

Christopher Newton-Cheh and colleagues report the identification of common variants at the NPPA-NPPB locus associated with plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration, as well as with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and reduced risk of hypertension.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine critical for the development of chronic inflammatory disorders including asthma and atopic dermatitis. The structure of the ternary complex formed by TSLP and its coreceptors TSLPR and the interleukin-7 receptor reveal how TSLP is able to organize receptor-receptor contacts to facilitate intracellular signaling.

Viruses often subvert the host immune system using molecular decoys to prevent an effective immune response. Here, the authors examine the structural details of the viral decoy receptor GIF and its antagnosim of GM-CSF and IL-2.

Ultrafast dynamics following light-matter interaction are governed by nonlinear processes. Here the authors show that initial nonlinear signal time-evolution is a consequence of phase grating accumulation using transient grating measurements with attosecond and near-infrared pulses.

Haem-free, NO-insensitive soluble guanylate cyclase (apo-sGC) generated during oxidative stress contributes to cardiovascular pathology. By generating and characterizing apo-sGC knock-in mice, Thoonen et al. provide a scientific ground for the therapeutic concept of sGC activators, and dissect the relevance of the NO-sGC axis.

Crystal structures of ATP citrate lyase from bacteria, archaea and humans unravel how the enzyme directs the formation of the central metabolite acetyl-CoA, and shed light onto the evolutionary origins of the Krebs cycle.

The Palaeocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) is a well-known abrupt warming that occurred at about 55.8 Myr ago and is usually thought to have been caused by a large release of greenhouse gases, as recorded in a large carbon isotope excursion. Yet some marine evidence suggests that in fact the warming came first. Here it is shown that continental warming of about 5 °C preceded the excursion in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. Thus the PETM seems to have been caused by at least two separate warming events.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their receptors are important for the development and modulation of cardiovascular structure and function. Morrell and colleagues discuss physiological roles and regulation of BMP signalling in cardiovascular health and disease, and based on this advancing knowledge, they suggest opportunities for therapeutic intervention for a range of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

This Review focuses on nonlinear electromagnetic responses that arise from quantum geometry and topology.

Ectopic ossification often involves the transformation of soft tissue into bone. In this new study, Paul Yu et al. show that inflammation is a key step in disease progression and that a small molecule inhibitor of the disease gene’s protein product is therapeutic, thus offering a potential treatment for this devastating condition.

Moiré patterns and ordered aperiodic geometries have received significant attention since their observation in twisted bilayer graphene and quasicrystalline alloys. Here, the authors theoretically demonstrate that the same patterns can govern localization in quasiperiodic metal-dielectric composites and can be used to engineer the resultant optical and transport properties.