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Transcriptional condensates concentrate gene regulatory proteins to control gene activation. Meyer et al. demonstrate that charge-mediated co-condensation of YAP and the oppositely charged transcriptional scaffold Med1 drives transcriptional activation.

Surprisingly consistent replication failure of gray matter correlates of childhood maltreatment raises questions about publication bias in prior literature and about prevailing models linking maltreatment to brain structure in adult populations.

Experimental realizations of topological insulators are relatively rare at present. Now, a structurally complex bismuth rhodium iodide is synthesized and shown to have a honeycomb-layered structure akin to that of graphene, but made up of bismuth and rhodium sheets.

Exploiting the optics-like dynamics of low-energy electronic excitations in graphene requires the challenging combination of ballistic transport and complex gating. Here the fabrication and characterization of suspended graphene p–njunctions is reported, paving the way for future electron optics experiments.

Snake states describe electron trajectories that curve along an interface where the charge is inverted. Here, the authors investigate electronic transport in a ballistic graphene p–n junction and observe striking conductance oscillations that are a signature of these unusual states.

The quantum phase of a magnetic spin carrier can be electrically controlled via the Aharonov–Casher effect. Here, the authors isolate and handle the geometric-phase component independently from the dynamical one, allowing geometric manipulation of electron spins in a semiconductor ring array.

A polariton is a hybrid excitation resulting from strong light–matter coupling. The magneto-transport measurements have now revealed the crucial role played by its electronic component.

Nanobodies are normally made from immunized camelids, Ig transgenic mice or synthetic libraries. In this study, the authors introduce the llama Ig heavy chain locus into mice lacking this locus, thereby generating a line in which nanobodies can be made by direct immunization in the absence of an endogenous antibody repertoire.

Solitons are encountered in a wide range of nonlinear systems, from water channels to optical fibres. They have also been observed in Bose–Einstein condensates, but only now have such ‘ultracold solitons’ been made to live long enough for their dynamical properties to be studied in detail.

Expansion of polyglutamines correlates with neuronal death in Huntington’s disease. Here the authors show that, in haploid yeast cells, the toxic effect of polyglutamine expression is associated with the disruption of the septin ring and cells may escape from toxicity by hyperploidization.

This paper introduces msiFlow, an open-source software for scalable and reproducible end-to-end multimodal image analysis. Using msiFlow, the authors explore the molecular heterogeneity of leukocytes in infected tissues.

Here, the authors characterize the spectroscopic and transport properties of heterojunctions composed of quasi-metallic and semiconducting graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with different widths, showing a predominant quantum tunnelling mechanism. The GNR heterojunctions can also be used to realize adsorbate sensors with high sensitivity.

Methylation of a lysine residue in Hsp90 is a recently discovered post-translational modification but the mechanistic effects of this modification have remained unknown so far. Here the authors combine biochemical and biophysical approaches, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and functional experiments with yeast and show that this lysine is a switch point, which specifically modulates conserved Hsp90 functions including co-chaperone regulation and client activation.

Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone with a wide array of client proteins, including the tumor suppressor p53. Now the structure and interaction of p53 DNA-binding domain with full-length Hsp90 or Hsp90 fragments have been studied by NMR and other biophysical methods. The results indicate that p53 interacts with multiple domains of Hsp90 and adopts a native-like state.

Muscle mass is lost in patients with diabetes, which is associated with mitochondrial disfunction. Here they show that SLIRP maintains muscle mitochondria and that exercise training can compensate for SLIRP loss, improving mitochondrial function and quality control in muscle.

Sustainable agricultural policies need to be practically assessed. Here, the authors assess how management practices affect ecosystem services in Swiss agricultural grasslands showing that organic farming has a lesser impact than the eco-scheme and the use as pasture or meadow.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions are initiated by the infiltration of T cells to the CNS. Here, Kendirli et al. use a genome-wide CRISPR screen in an MS model to define the molecules that regulate T cell entry to the CNS.

The chaperone Hsp90 interacts with different cochaperones during its reaction cycle. Now a ternary complex of Hsp90 with ATPase inhibitor Sti1 and prolyl isomerase Cpr6 is identified as an intermediate by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and analytical ultracentrifugation, with support from genetic data.

Mother Nature is a valuable resource for the discovery of drug and agricultural chemicals. Here, the authors show that 7-deoxy-sedoheptulose produced by a cyanobacterium is an antimicrobial and herbicidal compound that acts through inhibition of 3-dehydroquniate synthase in the shikimate pathway.

Sinonasal tumour diagnosis can be complicated by the heterogeneity of disease and classification systems. Here, the authors use machine learning to classify sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas into 4 molecular classe with differences in differentiation state and clinical outcome.

Topologically protected states with a natural helicity are shown to form at step edges, which can be created with subnanometre precision in a weak topological insulator using atomic force microscopy.

The identification of molecular biomarkers in cancer of unknown primary site (CUP) cases may enable the improvement of prognosis in these patients. Here, the authors integrate whole genome/exome, transcriptome and methylome data in 70 CUP patients, recommend therapies based on their analysis and report clinical outcome data.

High-harmonic generation from the Dirac-like surface state of a topological insulator is separated from bulk contributions and continuously tuned by the carrier-envelope phase of the driving lightwave.

A quantitative atlas of the transcriptomes, proteomes and phosphoproteomes of 30 tissues of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana provides a valuable resource for plant research.

The Yersinia YaxAB system is a pore-forming toxin of so far unknown structure. Here authors present X-ray and cryo-EM to structures of individual subunits and of the YaxAB pore complex, and find that YaxA binds to membranes first and recruits YaxB for subsequent oligomerization.

Antibody mediated immune responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae are crucial for the immune response to infection. Here the authors show hyper-activation of PI3Kδ promotes development of a subset of B cells that exacerbate infection in an antibody-independent manner and can be reversed by therapeutic targeting in vivo.

A critical milestone for the advancement of nanoscale organic circuitry is the fabrication of well-defined conjugated polymers on non-metal substrates. Here, the authors demonstrate extended polycyclic aromatic chains from repetitive cycloadditions which form not only on metals, but also on boron nitride layers and in the solid state.

Marginal zone B (MZB) cells shuttle between the marginal zone and lymphoid follicle to capture and present peripheral blood antigens. Here the authors show that shear force, such as blood flow from the sinus around the follicle, is a directional cue that induces MZB migration on ICAM-1, and that S1P signaling inhibits this directional migration.

The chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90 are physically linked via the cochaperone Sti1/Hop, that has two binding sites for Hsp70. Here, Röhl et al.show that binding of Hsp90 changes the conformation of Sti1/Hop and determines to which site Hsp70 binds, perhaps facilitating transfer of client proteins from Hsp70 to Hsp90.

The role of co-chaperone and Hsp90 activator Aha1 is now examined in conjunction with other co-chaperones in vivo and in vitro, to reveal how they regulate the progression of the Hsp90 cycle. Aha1 and Cpr6 interact with and activate Hsp90 in a synergistic manner and displace the inhibitory co-chaperone Sti1. Aha1 is eventually released from Hsp90 by p23.

A detailed reconstruction of the calcium carbonate compensation depth—at which calcium carbonate is dissolved—in the equatorial Pacific Ocean over the past 53 million years shows that it tracks ocean cooling, increasing as the ocean cools.

The Hsp90 chaperone is responsible for the stabilization of a large variety of regulatory proteins. By labeling the subunits in the Hsp90 homodimer with different dyes and in different positions, the kinetics of Hsp90 conformational changes along the ATPase cycle was characterized, revealing different intermediate states and the different roles of cochaperones.

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons can be precisely manipulated to yield ever more complex and discrete graphene analogs, such as nanographenes. Here, the authors use azomethine ylide homocoupling to insert an antiaromatic pyrazine ring into the core of a nanographene, and characterize the molecule’s unique electronic character.

Acyldepsipeptides are natural antibiotics that function by activating the ClpP protease and deregulating proteolysis. Here, Gersch et al.show that acyldepsipeptides not only increase access to the active sites but also exert conformational control, thereby allosterically stimulating ClpP catalysis.

Onion bulbs are a hallmark of demyelinating peripheral neuropathies. Here the authors identify Neuregulin-1 type I expression in Schwann cells as an essential mechanism involved in the formation of these characteristic structures.

Analyses of Hsp90 mutants show no correlation between the speed of ATP turnover and chaperone activity in vivo, indicating that timing of conformational transitions, rather than cycle speed, is essential for Hsp90 function.

Cancer-associated point mutations in the scaffold protein Axin derail Wnt signaling and promote tumor growth through formation of nonamyloid nanoaggregates that rewire the Axin interactome.

When a superconductor is shrunk to the nanoscale, quantum size effects are predicted to strongly influence superconductivity. This is now demonstrated in Sn nanoparticles in which a reduction in size leads to a substantial enhancement of the superconducting gap.

Elevated lipoprotein (a) concentrations are associated with atherothrombotic complications of coronary artery disease. In this study, combined lipid apheresis and lipid-lowering medication was efficacious in reducing extremely high levels of lipoprotein (a), and thus in preventing major adverse coronary events, in patients in whom maximally tolerated doses of medication alone had failed to control events associated with coronary artery disease.