Search

Self-supervised representation learning on data from imaging mass cytometry can be used to distinguish morphological differences in tumour microenvironments and to precisely characterize distinct microenvironment signatures.

Large-scale OMICs investigations of biological systems can be used to predict functional relationships between compounds, genes and proteins. Here, the authors develop a deep learning-based approach that significantly increases the number of high-quality compound-target predictions relative to existing methods.

Here, the authors show the emergence of limbic-sensorimotor-association cortical hierarchy along with behavioral development during human infancy is underlaid by the spatiotemporal dynamics of cerebral blood flow meeting brain energy change demand.

Spinal pain is a major clinical problem. Here the authors show that osteoclasts create porous area of endplates of the vertebrae and sensory innervation of porous endplates by Netrin-1 release from osteoclasts mediates PGE2-induced spinal hypersensitivity in mice.

The ASAP4 family of genetically encoded voltage indicators allows recording of action potentials and subthreshold activity with either one- or two-photon microscopy over extended periods of time.

MUC1 is a heavily glycosylated protein on the cell surface. Here the authors show that MUC1 prefers negative over positive membrane curvature due to its bulky size, enabling MUC1 to avoid endocytosis and surface removal based on curvature preference.

Liu et al. demonstrate that human-driven soil contamination in natural areas mirrors that in nearby urban greenspaces globally, and highlight the potential influence that soil contaminants have on ecosystem functions.

The QT interval is a heritable electrocardiographic measure associated with arrhythmia risk when prolonged. Here, the authors used a series of genetic analyses to identify genetic loci, pathways, therapeutic targets, and relationships with cardiovascular disease.

Abeysundara, Rasnitsyn, Fong et al. report that the presence of leptomeningeal metastatic tumour cells leads to the recruitment and remodelling of fibroblasts, which, in turn, facilitate the colonization and outgrowth of medulloblastoma cells in the leptomeninges.

The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.

Dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) contain a plethora of neuron types. The authors show that the existence of human-specific DRG neuronal types and microneurography recordings reveal distinct temperature-sensing properties across human sensory afferent types.

We find that bile salt hydrolase N-acyltransferase activity can form bacterial bile acid amidates that are positively correlated with the colonization of gut bacteria that assist in the regulation of the bile acid metabolic network.

Chan et al. report that 3′ UTR splicing is widespread and enhanced across different cancer types and is associated with more advanced tumour progression.

Hypoglycemia is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition for people with insulin dependent diabetes, but preventative hypoglycemia therapies are elusive. Here, the authors report the use of catechol and boronic acid chemistry to design a self-crosslinkable hydrogel-based microneedle patch that delivers Zinc-Glucagon at low glucose levels and prevents insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

Dense-core granules (DCG) store insulin in pancreatic β cells. Here the authors show that crinosome, formed by fusing lysosome and DCGs, are pathogenic in mouse models of type 1 diabetes by diversifying local insulin epitopes beyond those tolerizing ones expressed in the thymus, thereby inducing autoreactive CD4 T cells for β cell death and insulin deficiency.

Single-stranded DNA encoders containing polyadenine domains endow colloidal gold nanoparticles with programmable bond valence, orthogonality and reconfigurability, thus achieving post-synthetic control over colloidal structures.

SARS-CoV-2 infection damages the airways. Here the authors show that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the rapid loss of airway motile cilia, resulting in altered cilia clearance function. Cilia loss is preceded by reduced expression of the ciliogenesis regulator Foxj1.

Chiral gold nanoparticles coated with enantiomerically pure phenylalanine were assembled into nanoporous membranes, whose ionic conductivity depends on the handedness of the incident circularly polarized light.

The relationships that control seed production in trees are key to understand evolutionary pressures that have shaped forests. A global synthesis of fecundity data reveals that while seed production is not constrained by a strict size-number trade-off, it is influenced by taxonomy and nutrient allocation.

Cohort-scale integration of clinical and proteomic data from tumor tissues in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma led to the identification of a prognostic risk model for patient stratification as well as biomarkers of response to adjuvant chemotherapy, validated in independent external cohorts.

Yuzhalin et al. report that astrocyte-mediated upregulation of Cdk5 in metastatic breast cancer cells inhibits MHC-I expression on the cell surface, thereby enabling escape from killing by CD8⁺ T cells and facilitating brain metastasis.

A comparative analysis of weathered bedrock in the Mawrth Vallis region of Mars and on Hainan Island, China, provides geological evidence for a reduced greenhouse atmosphere on early Mars, as there was on early Earth.

FUT10 and FUT11, originally annotated as α1,3-fucosyltransferases, are actually protein O-fucosyltransferases participating in a non-canonical ER quality control pathway for EMI domain-containing protein secretion.

Vpr is a HIV-1 accessory virulence factor that also interacts with the human DNA repair protein hHR23A. Here, the authors present the structure of Vpr in complex with the C-terminal half of hHR23A comprising the XPC-binding and ubiquitin-associated domains, which reveals that hHR23A interacts with the DCAF1-binding and not the substrate-binding Vpr surface and further illustrates how Vpr acts as a versatile structural adapter that targets diverse DNA repair pathways.

Investigating the inner structure of baryons is important to further our understanding of the strong interaction. Here, the BESIII Collaboration extracts the absolute value of the ratio of the electric to magnetic form factors and its relative phase for e + e − → J/ψ → ΛΣ decays, enhancing the signal thanks to the vacuum polarisation effect at the J/ψ peak.

Federated learning, a method for training artificial intelligence algorithms that protects data privacy, was used to predict future oxygen requirements of symptomatic patients with COVID-19 using data from 20 different institutes across the globe.

Resorbable bioelectronic devices have potential as tools for monitoring physiological parameters, but short functional lifetimes have slowed translation. Here, the authors report succinate-based copolyesters with barrier properties able to extend the functional lifetime of devices.

To avoid head fixation or drawbacks of miniaturized devices for freely moving rodents, a robotic device can move a headstage for microscopy or electrophysiology with the animal, thereby enabling naturalistic behavior.

Autotransporter proteins are localised to the bacterial surface and promote colonisation of host epithelial surfaces. Here, the authors present the crystal structure of autotransporter UpaB and show evidence for distinct binding sites for glycosaminoglycans and host fibronectin.

Researchers present the evidence and mechanism of distinct phase transformation pathways in MAX phases under ion irradiation, providing a new theory and predictive method for phase behavior based on composition, advancing understanding of materials in extreme conditions.

Targeting the endothelium across ages and neurodegenerative diseases in 92 donors with single-cell inCITE-seq reveals similar alterations in ~40% of capillaries in AD, ALS and FTD. Endothelial TDP-43 loss coincides with increased nuclear p65/NF-κB activity and reduced Wnt/β-catenin.

A search for transient dark matter in the form of domain walls of axion-like particles finds no statistically significant signal. This places constraints on our theoretical understanding of such scenarios.

Here, cryo-electron microscopy structures reveal how the chemokine receptor CXCR4 oligomerizes and how it is regulated by its physiological ligand CXCL12, the small-molecule drug AMD3100 and the monoclonal antibody REGN7663.

The goals, resources and design of the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) programme are described, and analyses of rare variants detected in the first 53,831 samples provide insights into mutational processes and recent human evolutionary history.

Here the authors functionally characterize hepatocellular carcinoma associated tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in patients treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy and present further evidence for using these TLS as a biomarker of response to therapy.

Protein kinase A (PKA) is a cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinase. Here the authors use single molecule optical tweezers and steered molecular dynamic simulations to follow in real time and quantitatively characterize the signals transduced by cAMP through the structure of the PKA regulatory subunit, and propose a model for PKA allosteric activation.

Single-atom catalysts demonstrate enhanced catalytic properties, but most systems only explore combinations of a few different metals. Here, a library of 37 different elements is investigated, and it is shown that loading 12 metallic atoms in one system presents improved electrochemical activity.

Whole genome sequences enable discovery of rare variants which may help to explain the heritability of common diseases. Here the authors find that ultra-rare variants explain ~50% of coronary artery disease (CAD) heritability and highlight several functional processes including cell type-specific regulatory mechanisms as key drivers of CAD genetic risk.

Using single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, Wang et al. recreate a map of glomerular locations in the mouse olfactory bulb. This work describes a spatial organization that may be used by the brain to assist in odor decoding.

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of superconducting magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene reveals flat-band replicas that are indicative of strong electron–phonon coupling; these replicas are absent in non-superconducting twisted bilayer graphene.

A new discovery strategy, ‘reverse metabolomics’, facilitates high-throughput matching of mass spectrometry spectra in public untargeted metabolomics datasets, and a proof-of-concept experiment identified an association between microbial bile amidates and inflammatory bowel disease.

To understand why genetically identical cells die at different times the authors measured damage dynamics in individual cells. They report lifespan variation comes not from initial conditions but from stochastic accumulation of damage that saturates repair systems.

Analysis of a set of 1,863 bursts from the repeating source FRB 20201124A provides evidence of a complicated magnetized site within about an astronomical unit from the source in a barred galaxy.

The influence of X chromosome genetic variation on blood lipids and coronary heart disease (CHD) is not well understood. Here, the authors analyse X chromosome sequencing data across 65,322 multi-ancestry individuals, identifying associations of the Xq23 locus with lipid changes and reduced risk of CHD and diabetes mellitus.

Aberrant glycosylation patterns on cancer cells promote several pro-tumorigenic functions, including enhancing tumor cell proliferation. Here the authors provide data that show melanoma cells downregulate GCNT2 with consequent loss of I-branched glycans; this leads to the formation of extended i-linear glycans and enhances melanoma growth via increases, in part, by IGF-1- and extracellular matrix-induced signaling.

Here the authors show that the nucleus undergoes a transient ‘metamorphosis’ within a nuclear–cytoplasmic DNA damage response linked to health and disease. Through this process, the nuclear envelope projects tubules that capture damaged DNA, mediating its repair.