Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) fate after up take by cells is important for therapies. Here, the authors report on key barriers limiting RNA delivery by LNPs, including restricted endosomal escape, ESCRT-mediated membrane repair, and separation of lipid and RNA components during endosomal sorting.
- Johanna M. Johansson
- Hampus Du Rietz
- Anders Wittrup