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Continuously adjustable single-cycle waveform spanning from 0.9 to 12.0 μm is obtained by cascaded intrapulse difference-frequency generation in a ZnGeP₂ crystal. The cascade-associated phase response—distinct for different spectral bands—provides a new tuning parameter for waveform adjustment.

Cognitive function is associated with health and important life outcomes. Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study for general cognitive function in 300,486 individuals and identify genetic loci that implicate neural and cell developmental pathways in this trait.

The crystal structure of the fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase domain trapped during the reaction reveal a phosphorylated His 258, and a water molecule immobilized by the product, fructose-6-phosphate. The geometry suggests that the dephosphorylation step requires prior removal of the product for an ‘associative in-line’ phosphoryl transfer to the catalytic water.

T cell memory formation is often described as occurring during the chronic phases of infection. Buchholz and colleagues use the phenomenon of ‘memory inflation’ following cytomegalovirus infection to show that a tiny subset of self-renewing T cells branch off early from the bulk population to generate memory.

An increase in the volume of the brain lateral ventricles is a sign of normal aging, but can also be associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, Vojinovic et al. identify seven genetic loci in a GWA study for ventricular volume in 23,500 individuals and find correlation with thalamus volume.

This Registered Report presents evidence from 87 countries and regions showing that brief emotion-regulation interventions consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and plaque are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD). Here, the authors identify and prioritize genetic loci for cIMT and plaque by GWAS and colocalization approaches and further demonstrate genetic correlation with CHD and stroke.

Meltwaters from the southwestern margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet contain exceptionally high concentrations of mercury, exporting up to more than 200 kmol of dissolved mercury every year, suggest mercury measurements from three glacial catchments.

The independent control of substrate stiffness and tethering of extracellular matrix to substrates for mechanical signalling investigations remains challenging. Here the authors present StemBond hydrogels, with stable ECM tethering that can be varied independently of stiffness, and use these to modulate the function of mouse and human pluripotent stem cells.

An online approach for the DNA methylation-based classification of central nervous system tumours across all entities and age groups has been developed to help to improve current diagnostic standards.

A large fraction of ice sheet discharge enters the ocean subsurface from underneath large floating ice-tongues. Here the authors show that associated nutrient export may be governed by shelf circulation and, especially for Fe, particle-dissolved phase exchanges, which is largely independent from freshwater Fe content.

The current resurgence of interest in xenotransplantation will result in better definition of the mechanisms responsible for xenograft rejection and should facilitate appropriate therapeutic strategies to provide for long-term graft survival.

Microglia drastically change their morphology when reacting to pathological stimuli. Here, the authors study the molecular responses to stimulation and unravel cytoskeleton remodeling pathways that induce morphological and functional changes.

Transcriptional regulator Rbpj is involved in T-helper subset differentiation. Here the authors show that expression of Rbpj in regulatory T cells is required to both regulate T_H2 responses and regulate T_reg T_H2 differentiation potential.

Low-dimensional tin-halide perovskites exhibit strong temperature dependence of luminescence decay time that translates into high sensitivity over a wide range of temperatures and as such can be used in high-resolution remote thermography.

Accurate regulation of protein concentrations according to changes in cell volume that accompany growth and changes in biosynthetic capacity is an important component of cellular homeostasis. Here, using the model organism S. cerevisiae, the authors show how histone production is quantitatively coupled to genome content through the intrinsic properties of histone promoters.

The ER Ca²⁺ sensor protein STIM1 regulates cAMP signalling by coupling the changes in luminal ER Ca²⁺ content to adenylyl cyclase activity.

High-harmonic generation from the Dirac-like surface state of a topological insulator is separated from bulk contributions and continuously tuned by the carrier-envelope phase of the driving lightwave.

A single-cell transcriptomic analysis of neuroblastomas and healthy adrenal glands defines cell types and lineage trajectories during different developmental stages. Comparisons with the transcriptomes of neuroblastoma cells show that their transcriptomes most closely resemble those of developing neuroblasts of the adrenal gland.

Variability in human longevity is genetically influenced. Using genetic data of parental lifespan, the authors identify associations at HLA-DQA/DRB1 and LPA and find that genetic variants that increase educational attainment have a positive effect on lifespan whereas increasing BMI negatively affects lifespan.

A genetic study identifies hundreds of loci associated with risk tolerance and risky behaviors, finds evidence of substantial shared genetic influences across these phenotypes, and implicates genes involved in neurotransmission.

Designing effective covert security features is highly regarded to deter counterfeit of goods and currency in the global markets. Here, the authors present an electrohydrodynamically printed unicolour multifluorescent-lifetime security tag system based on perovskite to provide an alternative yet affordable solution.

Current viral gene delivery systems are limited in the amount of foreign DNA they can deliver to cells. Here the authors develop MultiPrime, a baculovirus-based vector system capable of multigene delivery into a wide variety of cells, and use Multiprime for genome engineering by CRISPR/Cas9.

Melinda Mills, Nicola Barban, Harold Snieder, Marcel den Hoed and colleagues perform a meta-analysis of data from over 300,000 individuals for age at first birth and number of children ever born. They identify 12 significant loci that associate with these traits, providing insights into the genetic basis of human reproductive behavior.

Measurements of an intense radio burst from a Galactic magnetar provide evidence that magnetars are the probable source of some fast radio bursts.

A periodicity of roughly 16 days is detected for the fast radio burst 180916.J0158+65, suggesting that the burst arises from a periodically modulated mechanism instead of a cataclysmic or sporadic process.

Temporal dissipative soliton formation in a free-space femtosecond enhancement cavity with a thin Kerr medium is reported. Locking a 350-fs, 1,035-nm pulse train with a repetition rate of 100 MHz to this cavity-soliton state generates a 37-fs sech²-shaped pulse with a peak-power enhancement of 3,200.

Mark Caulfield, Paul Elliott and colleagues use data from the UK Biobank to perform genome-wide association analysis for blood pressure traits. They identify and validate 107 novel loci and highlight new biological pathways for potential therapeutic intervention for hypertension.

Neurofilament (NfL) levels in CSF and blood have been established as a biomarker of neuronal damage in neurodegenerative diseases, and there is an age-dependent increase in NfL levels in CSF. Here the authors demonstrate that serum NfL levels increase in healthy aging people and predict and correlate with brain volume loss.

Here the authors use remote sensing observations and machine learning to show that clouds will become increasingly important for determining the Greenland Ice Sheet’s contribution to global sea levels due to decreasing albedo in the ablation zone.

Using the two stable electronic states of alkaline-earth atoms, an orbital spin-exchange interaction—the building block of orbital quantum magnetism—has been observed in a fermionic quantum gas.

IDH1- and IDH2-mutant cancer cells aberrantly accumulate D2-hydroxyglutarate (D2-HG). Here, Lin et al. find loss-of-function mutations in D2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH), which converts D2-HG to alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and show that D2HGDH via α-KG regulates the expression and activity of IDH2.

Tracing of projection neuron axons from the primary visual cortex to their targets shows that these neurons often project to multiple cortical areas of the mouse brain.

Using single-cell lineage tracing, the authors identify TCF15 as a novel regulator of haematopoietic stem cell quiescence and self-renewal.

Gene discovery and polygenic predictions from a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in 1.1 million individuals.