Search

Burt et al. analyze patterns of gene expression across human cortex and show expression primarily varies along a sensory-association hierarchy captured by noninvasive neuroimaging, suggesting an organizing principle for microcircuit specialization.

A closed-loop machine learning methodology of optimizing fast-charging protocols for lithium-ion batteries can identify high-lifetime charging protocols accurately and efficiently, considerably reducing the experimental time compared to simpler approaches.

Long-acting (LA) formulations of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs are an alternative approach to improve adherence for HIV treatment and prevention. Here the authors show a removable biodegradable ultra-LA-ARV drug system that effectively delivers drug, controls viremia and prevents infection in animal models of HIV infection.

Recombination contributes to HIV evolution in patients, but its identification can be difficult. Here, the authors develop a computational tool called RAPR to track recombination in patients, identify recombination hot spots, and show contribution of recombination to antibody escape.

Evidence is presented that climate change-induced lake warming may cause the same undesired effects as have formerly emerged from excess nutrients (eutrophication). Stronger thermal stratification and reduced mixing has favoured blooming of a toxic cyanobacterium in a large temperate lake previously thought to be successfully ‘restored’ after decades of pollution.

Here, the authors profile the gut microbiota and metabolites of Indian agrarians to understand the impact of fermented foods consumption, and identify seasonal variation in the gut microbiota structure and predict the drivers of this instability.

The heme degradation enzyme biliverdin IXβ reductase (BLVRB) is implicated in a redox-regulated thrombopoietic pathway. Here, the authors validate BLVRB as a cellular target by generating an orally-available small molecule inhibitor that retains platelet-enhancing functions that are mechanistically distinct from thrombopoietin receptor-targeted mimetics.

Similar to other eukaryotes, brown algae exhibit transcriptome conservation that is consistent with the molecular hourglass model during differentiation in embryonic development.

To understand speech, our brains have to learn the different types of sounds that constitute words, including syllables, stress patterns and smaller sound elements, such as phonetic categories. Here, the authors provide evidence that at 7 months, the infant brain learns reliably to detect invariant phonetic categories.

Here the authors identify two zinc/cobalt responsive proteins (ZCRPs) in marine diatoms, determining their functional roles in trace metal transport and homeostasis, as well as their application as an indicator of oceanic Zn stress.

Interactions between European bird and plant species show that fruiting period has a major effect on seed dispersal by migrating birds, which will influence plant adaptations to climate change through latitudinal dispersal.

The authors show a recent decoupling of the tropical temperature variations and the carbon cycle that is driven by wetter conditions in the tropics.

In the canonical model of auditory processing, thalamocortical inputs to the primary auditory cortex initiate a hierarchical transmission to higher-order cortices. Here, authors reveal alternative auditory pathways that bypass the primary auditory cortex and directly activate higher-order cortex within <10 ms in mice, enabling parallel and distributed processing of fast sensory information across cortical areas.

Alcoholic hepatitis, a common cause of liver failure, lacks effective treatment. Here, the authors show altered hepatic HNF4a isoform expression and hypermethylation of its target genes in patients. HNF4a dysregulation is improved in vitro by TGFb or PPARg modulation suggesting potential therapeutic avenues.

By analysing Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph spectra, evidence is provided for the presence of a Magellanic Corona surrounding the Large Magellanic Cloud, as predicted given its high mass.

Different mutations found in endometrial and prostate tumors affecting the substrate-recognition domain of SPOP, a component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, result in opposing degradation activity of BET proteins and response to BET inhibitors. This work, along with findings by Zhang et al. and Dai et al., highlights the divergent effects of recurrent mutations affecting different residues within the same functional domain of SPOP and provides scientific rationale to guide the administration of BET inhibitors in endometrial and prostate cancer patients harboring SPOP mutations.

Functional tissue units (FTUs) form the basic building blocks of organs and are important for understanding and modeling their healthy physiological function and disease states. Here, the authors present a catalog of 22 anatomically based FTUs from 10 healthy human organs as part of an ongoing international effort to construct a Human Reference Atlas of all cells in the human body.

Shah and colleagues develop a multimodal data integration framework that interprets genomic, digital histopathology, radiomics and clinical data using machine learning to improve diagnosis of patients with high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma.

Machine learning offers great promise for fast and accurate binding affinity predictions, however, current models lack robust evaluation and fail on tasks encountered in drug discovery. Here, the authors introduce an attention-based graph neural network model, AEV-PLIG, and demonstrate that augmenting the training data with semi-synthetic data significantly improves AEV-PLIG’s performance on benchmarks used for free energy perturbation calculations, narrowing the performance gap to simulation-based methods.

Using a globally coordinated strategic conservation framework to plan an increase in ocean protection through marine protected areas can yield benefits for biodiversity, food provisioning and carbon storage.

Bacterial symbionts of the Endozoicomonadaceae family are frequently found in marine animals but are poorly understood. Using data from the Tara Pacific expedition, this study of Endozoicomonadaceae ecology at an ocean basin-scale reveals that corals across the Pacific Ocean have different host-symbiont association strategies that are determined at the bacterial lineage level.

Moderate flooding in the European Alps declined during past warmer periods, whereas extreme floods both increased and decreased, according to an analysis of palaeoflood records.

In this study, Adi Stern and colleagues use full genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 to look at the rate of infections in Israel. They report that social distancing had a significant effect on minimising the rate of transmission, and find evidence for transmission heterogeneity (superspreading events).

Meta-analyses with data from 106 studies show that descriptive norms, negative affect, perceived self-efficacy and outcome efficacy are most strongly associated with climate change adaptation, whereas knowledge and experience are only weakly associated with adaptive behaviour.

An activity-difference training approach, which employs 64 × 64 memristor arrays with integrated complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor control circuitry, can be used to train a deep neural network to efficiently classify Braille words.

Here the authors present deep quantitative glycoprofiling (DQGlyco), a method that enables high-throughput analysis of protein glycosylation dynamics. Using DQGlyco, they link gut microbiome composition to brain glycoproteins and provide insights into glycoform functionality and tissue specificity.

Maxwell’s equations describing electric and magnetic fields limit the shapes field lines can take. But exotic solutions exist where the field lines are linked and knotted. A proposal now shows how such solutions could be realized experimentally.

Sabapathy and colleagues report that under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1α-mediated repression of the Siah1 ubiquitin ligases leads to stabilization of TAp73, which in turn promotes tumour angiogenesis.

A CD8-specific, one-armed antibody positron emission tomography tracer enables the visualization of the immune response in patients with solid tumors before and after starting immunotherapy.

Health effects of dietary restriction are uncoupled from longevity.

In fibrotic biliary disease, portal fibroblasts promote both biliary scarring and bile duct regeneration. Here, the authors report that the non-canonical Wnt-PCP signalling promotes bile duct scarring in mice, and inhibition of Wnt-ligands reduces the scarring without impairing regeneration.

Mammalian Rap1 protein is found to have a non-telomeric function in regulating the substrate specificity of IKKs towards the p65 subunit of NF-κB, leading to NF-κB transcriptional activity.

A multidimensional proteomics analysis of the interactions between around 2,000 nuclear proteins and over 80 modified dinucleosomes representing promoter, enhancer and heterochromatin states provides insights into how chromatin states are decoded by chromatin readers.

This molecular-level study provides a comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality in three German research sites. Hydroclimatic variability is causing fundamental changes in groundwater ecosystems, with implications for global water resources.

Whether multimorbidity accelerates brain Aβ deposition in humans remains largely unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that higher self-reported multimorbidity burden predicts increased brain Aβ accumulation rates in the ADNI cohort.

Individuals over eighty years of age are less likely to mount a good immune response against SARS-CoV-2 (measured by neutralization titres) after the first dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, but achieve good neutralization after the second dose.