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Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy can be useful for determining the absolute configuration of chiral molecules, as long as the signal intensities are high enough. Here, the authors establish the absolute configurations of two large chiral porphyrin cages and, notably, discover that host-guest binding enhances their VCD intensities.

Here, via a metagenomics analysis of population-based and disease cohorts, Vich Vila et al. study the impact of 41 commonly used medications on the taxonomic structures, metabolic potential and resistome of the gut microbiome, underscoring the importance of correcting for multiple drug use in microbiome studies.

The anti-tumour effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors is potentiated by CD137 agonists in preclinical models, but translation of these results to the clinical practice is hampered by toxicity. Authors describe here a human CD137xPD-L1 bispecific antibody with improved anti-cancer activity whilst maintaining low toxicity in non-human primates.

Aneuploid cancer cell lines show increased dependence on the spindle assembly complex (SAC); initially they are resistant to SAC perturbations, but over time they accumulate chromosomal aberrations that impair their fitness.

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma is often associated with TP53 mutation and chromosomal instability (CIN). Here, the authors generate ex vivo cultures from biopsies and ascites of patients and perform characterization to evaluate CIN mechanisms and compare drug sensitivity with patient responses.

Dioxolenium ion intermediates formed from remote positions are hypothesized to direct stereoselective glycosylations. Herein we combine infrared ion spectroscopy, DFT calculations and synthetic work to characterize and study these dioxolenium ions and their role in stereoselective glycosylation reactions.

Plastoquinone (PLQ) shuttles electrons between photosystem II (PSII) and cytochrome b₆f. Here the authors perform molecular dynamics simulations and propose that PLQ enters the exchange cavity of PSII by a promiscuous diffusion mechanism whereby three different channels each act as entry and exit points.

Native oyster reef ecosystems were decimated by human activities, with little known of their past extent. This study evaluates historical records to show that oyster reefs were once a dominant feature of European coastlines and provides perspectives for current management strategies.

Using metabolomics and shotgun metagenomics on stool samples from individuals with and without inflammatory bowel disease, metabolites, microbial species and genes associated with disease were identified and validated in an independent cohort.

Changes in brain structure asymmetry have been reported in autism spectrum disorder. Here the authors investigate this issue using a large-scale sample consisting of 54 data sets.

Tumor blood vessels contribute to cancer growth, invasion and metastasis. Here, by using single cell transcriptomics, the authors report an inventory of endothelial cell heterogeneity in patients with breast cancer, including a subtype that expresses genes involved in lipid processing and is regulated by PPAR-γ.

The authors use three-dimensional live-cell imaging of colorectal carcinoma organoids to show that chromosomal instability is widespread. Single-cell sequencing identifies heterogeneity of copy number alterations and shows clonal evolution.

Letters are more easily identified when embedded in a word. Here, the authors show that word contexts can enhance letter information in early visual cortex, suggesting that the advantage offered by words occurs already during early perceptual processing.

Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 render a cancer cell hypersensitive to PARP inhibitors but they can acquire resistance and relapse. Here the authors find that PARP inhibition leads to replication fork instability, cytokinesis failure and cell death, aiding our understanding of how inhibition leads to cytotoxic outcomes.

The effective control of chirality on surfaces is crucial for applications such as enantioselective heterogeneous catalysis and nonlinear optics. Here, the authors study the on-surface synthesis of organometallic polymers and their chiral expression on Ag(110), demonstrating that kinetic effects play an important role in determining polymer chirality.

In this study, Giron et al. find that people living with chronic HIV experience accelerated aging-associated alterations in antibody glycans. These alterations, attributed to senescence enzymes, predict comorbidities and reduce the antiviral function of antibodies.

Here the authors holistically examine prokaryote communities associated with diverse coral reef hosts, including sponges, nudibranchs, sea cucumbers, and corals. The results show that sponges have a relatively low diversity of prokaryotes, most of which are shared across a wide range of host taxa rather than being sponge-specific.

Flies navigate to food sources by combining odour and wind-direction cues. This study identifies pathways to the fan-shaped body that encode these signals, and demonstrates how local neurons integrate odour- and wind information to guide navigation.

Controlling multicomponent systems is difficult due to convoluted behavior, pathway complexity, and coupled equilibria. Here the authors showed modulation of aggregate morphology in a zinc porphyrin-based supramolecular system via judicious capping with a manganese porphyrin monomer, in which the monomer’s chirality can influence the supramolecular behavior.

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) tend to have poor prognosis; however, the mechanisms underlying TNBC pathology are not well understood. Here the authors utilize epidemiologic data and animal models to demonstrate an important role for BCL11A in the genesis and propagation of TNBCs.

As fruitfly epithelial cells round up during mitosis, tricellular junctions serve as spatial landmarks, encoding information about interphase cell shape directionality to orient mitosis, and promoting geometric and mechanical sensing in epithelial tissues.

Douglas Easton and colleagues report a genome-wide association analyses for breast cancer in ~70,000 cases and ~68,000 controls. They identify three new breast cancer susceptibility loci, two of which show association only with estrogen receptor–positive disease.

A live-cell trajectory embedding analysis characterizes the morphodynamical changes associated with molecular and ligand-induced responses and improves identification of metastable cell states compared to morphological snapshot-based analysis.

Exchange bias is crucial for stabilizing magnetic orientations in spintronics, yet traditional reorientation methods are slow and not localized. Here, the authors achieve a rapid, field-free 180° reorientation of exchange bias using femtosecond laser pulses in a thin film system integrating Co/Gd layers with IrMn, and they provide a model offering insights on underlying mechanisms for developing reprogrammable spintronic devices.

The European Lead Factory combines assets and experience from major pharma with innovation and agility of academia and SMEs in a collaborative platform to expand access to high-throughput screening. With many successes heading towards the clinic, the organization is broadening its approach to screening and partnering.

Several space agencies are planning crewed, long-duration missions beyond low-Earth orbit, introducing various health risks and challenges to astronauts. In this Review, Durante and colleagues discuss the effects of two key stressors associated with space flight — microgravity and cosmic radiation — on the CNS.

This Perspective describes current clinical standards for intraoperative tissue analysis in oncology and discusses potential clinical implementations of intraoperative imaging for pathology-assisted surgery.

A human fMRI study shows that defensive cardiac states moderate the neural computations of reward and threat value underlying approach-avoidance arbitration.