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Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS  experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.

Lifespan can be affected by both physiological ageing and specific sets of pathologies associated with old age. Here the authors report a resource of large-scale cross-sectional phenotyping of aging male mice at different time points to analyse a large set of phenotypes and molecular markers, including during genetic and diet interventions affecting lifespan.

This study reports the discovery of dense sponge gardens across the peaks of permanently ice-covered, extinct volcanic seamounts of the Langseth Ridge and on the remnants of a now extinct seep ecosystem. Using approaches to sample and infer food and energy sources to this ice-covered community, the authors suggest that the sponges use refractory organic matter trapped in the extinct seep community on which they sit.

Highly accurate antibody tests for SARS-CoV-2 are needed for surveillance in low-prevalence populations. Here, the authors find seroprevalence of less than 1% in two San Francisco Bay Area populations at the beginning of April, and that seroreactivity is generally predictive of in vitro neutralising activity.

The Majorana Demonstrator experiment reports searches for the violation of the Pauli exclusion principle and of charge conservation. In the absence of a signal, exclusion limits for these processes are reported.

This work presents a piRNA-mediated interference for multiplexed gene silencing in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Steve Brown and colleagues report an analysis of 20 phenotyping tests, including 413 data parameters, across 449 mutant mouse alleles. They identify widespread pleiotropy and assign putative functions to genes that lacked previous phenotypic annotation.

Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis in 26,699 people with seizures and 492,324 controls to identify 25 genome-wide significant copy-number variants. The discovered loci point to known disease genes and associations with clinical annotations.

Tumour immune evasion can involve multiple strategies. Here, the authors characterize the immune populations from clinical specimens of lung cancer in conjunction with TCR-β sequencing and show abundant neutrophils affecting cytotoxic T-cell content and the frequent presence of tumour-specific T-cell clones.

Anthropogenic CO₂ storage, where CO₂ is injected into saline geological resevoirs, relies on an impermeable caprock to seal in the CO₂, but caprock reaction rates to CO₂ acid brines are unclear. Here, Kampman et al. show that mineral reaction front alteration in caprocks takes place over 100,000 years.

Maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis is essential to human health. Here, the authors identify and characterize a primate-specific long noncoding RNA, called CHROME, that controls cholesterol homeostasis through fine-tuning of miRNAs and whose levels are elevated in human atherosclerosis.

Analysis of the kinase activity of 300 protein Ser/Thr kinases reveals that the substrate specificity of the kinome is substantially more diverse than expected and is driven extensively by negative selectivity

This Brain Somatic Mosaicism Network analysis of 283 cases of malformations of cortical development identifies 69 candidate and known genes in 76 patients. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and mouse modeling implicate radial glia and daughter excitatory neurons.

How pluripotency transcription factors regulate the cellular architecture and energetics has remained largely unknown. Here the authors identify Lima1 as a key effector that mediates the pluripotency control of membrane dynamics and cellular metabolism.

Age at voice-breaking is used to determine puberty timing in men, recall of which is considered less accurate than age at first menarche in women. Here, the authors perform multi-trait GWAS for male puberty timing by including both age at voice breaking and age of first facial hair for improved phenotype definition and power.

This study presents a large-scale analysis of microbial diversity in deep-sea sponges. They show that sponge microbial abundance status, geographic distance, sponge phylogeny and the physical-biogeochemical environment drive microbiome composition, in descending order of relevance. The uniqueness of each deep-sea sponge ground stresses the need for their strategic preservation.

Louise Wain, Ian Hall, Martin Tobin and colleagues report genome-wide association analyses of lung function, identifying 43 new signals associated with one or more lung function traits. A genetic risk score derived from these results was significantly associated with risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in independent populations.

Genetic variants associated with susceptibility to pancreatic cancer have been identified using genome wide association studies (GWAS). Here, the authors combine data from over 9000 patients and perform a meta-analysis to identify five novel loci linked to pancreatic cancer.

This analysis of a large, clinically annotated cohort of individuals with predisposition to myelodysplastic syndromes reveals insights into the genetic determinants of disease progression and their relationship with clinical manifestations and therapy outcome.

Genetic analysis of data from over 400,000 participants in the UK Biobank Study shows that circulating testosterone levels have sex-specific implications for cardiometabolic diseases and cancer outcomes.

Nikolich-Žugich and colleagues describe a unique subset of human T cells with a naive phenotype and the ability to rapidly produce cytokines in response to engagement of the T cell antigen receptor.

Mammalian genomes are scattered with repetitive sequences, but their biology remains largely elusive. Here, the authors show that transcription can initiate from short tandem repetitive sequences, and that genetic variants linked to human diseases are preferentially found at repeats with high transcription initiation level.

Metagenomic analysis and functional characterization of biosynthetic genes uncovers the basis for widespread polybrominated diphenyl ether biosynthesis in cyanobacterial endosymbionts of marine Dysideidae sponges.

A detailed reconstruction of the calcium carbonate compensation depth—at which calcium carbonate is dissolved—in the equatorial Pacific Ocean over the past 53 million years shows that it tracks ocean cooling, increasing as the ocean cools.

Here the authors present a mass cytometry-based method for identification of antigen-specific T cells and their differentiation state, testing it in cancer, bacterial and viral mouse models.

The authors used mathematical modeling of human data to study how HIV persists despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy. They found that when latently infected CD4+ T cells proliferate or differentiate, they can create HIV DNA and passage it into other subsets. More mature CD4 cell subsets then clear HIV DNA faster.

A study describes an approach using designed building blocks that are far more regular in geometry than natural proteins to construct modular multicomponent protein assemblies.

The process of protein crystallization is poorly understood and difficult to program through the primary sequence. Here the authors develop a computational approach to designing three-dimensional protein crystals with prespecified lattice architectures with high accuracy.

There are approximately 170 million people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide. About 30% of individuals with persistent HCV infection develop chronic liver disease, with various epidemiological, viral and host factors having been implicated in the differences in HCV clearance or persistence. Here, a single nucleotide polymorphism recently shown to be strongly associated with a difference in response to HCV drug treatment is also shown to be associated with viral clearance.

A multiplexed fluorescence-based assay detects seroconversion in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 from less than 1 µl of blood as early as the day of the first positive nasopharyngeal nucleic acid test after symptom onset.

The full extent of the genetic basis for hearing impairment is unknown. Here, as part of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, the authors perform a hearing loss screen in 3006 mouse knockout strains and identify 52 new candidate genes for genetic hearing loss.

Neoantigens determine anti-cancer immunoreactivity and are important functional targets for immunotherapy. Here, the authors use deep mass spectrometry to characterize neoepitopes from human melanoma tissue and show the presence of tumour-reactive T cells with specificity for selected neoantigens.

The L protein of segmented, negative strand RNA viruses contains the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase essential for virus amplification. Here, the authors report cryoEM structures of the Lassa virus L protein in active, RNA-bound states, and provide mechanistic insights.