Search

A nematode symbiont Robbea hypermnestra divides longitudinally and asynchronously in a host-oriented fashion.

Lasry and Nadorp et al. use single-cell RNA sequencing and CITE sequencing to reveal inflammatory gene expression in a subset of pediatric and adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia that associates with changes in the immune microenvironment and generate an inflammatory score with prognostic potential.

The authors test whether a wide array of marine and terrestrial animal species occupy the full extent of their potential geographic range based on thermal tolerances. They find that many species are underfilling the warm part of their potential range, suggesting that biotic interactions can limit occupancy in climatically suitable areas adjacent to their ranges.

A longitudinal analysis of immune responses in patients with moderate or severe COVID-19 identifies a maladapted immune response profile linked to severe disease.

IL6-STAT3 signaling is activated in prostate cancer, however inhibiting this pathway has not lead to a survival advantage in patients. Here, Pencik et al.show that loss of the IL6-STAT3 axis in mice and humans leads to metastasis due to loss of ARF, unravelling STAT3 and ARF as potential prognostic markers in prostate cancer.

Historical Insight: During those periods when immunology was oriented toward medical or biological subjects, Darwinian concepts predominated. These included Metchnikoff's phagocytic theory and Ehrlich's receptor theory during the early years and Burnet's clonal selection theory after the 1950s. During the immunochemically oriented interim, instruction theories were not so much anti- as a-Darwinian.

The presence and activity of sulfide-oxidizing denitrifying bacteria in sulfide-poor offshore oxygen minimum zone waters remains unclear. Here, the authors combine oceanography, molecular, biogeochemical and single-cell techniques to examine their distribution, metabolic capacity, and origins.

A longitudinal analysis of humoral immune responses in patients with COVID-19 with varying disease severities reveals that mortality does not correlate with antiviral antibody levels but, instead, with slower seroconversion.

Owing to the turbulent nature of the ocean, mesoscale eddies are omnipresent. An analysis of atmospheric conditions associated with several hundred thousand eddies in the Southern Ocean suggests that the transitory sea surface temperature fronts associated with these eddies alter near-surface winds, clouds and rainfall.

Cold ice-covered dust grains grow during their journey from the interstellar medium to protoplanetary disks. JWST observations show that this growth begins before the protostellar phase and provide quantitative insights into the grain growth process.

The authors present an assessment of the utility of “third-generation” nanopore sequencing for the confirmation and characterization of mobile element insertions. and discuss how implementation of long-read nanopore sequencing can offer benefits over existing molecular approaches.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts are transcriptionally rewired by signals from the cancer cells, resulting in heterogeneous populations. Here the authors show that loss of BRCA function in pancreatic cancer cells leads to HSF1–dependent accumulation of immune-regulatory clusterin-positive cancer associated fibroblasts.

A study reporting optical and near-infrared observations of quasars at redshifts 5.8–6.6 shows that about half have strong winds, up to 17% the speed of light, suppressing black-hole growth.

Using JWST, the molecules seen in planetary atmospheres can be traced back to their cold origins in ices formed in dense interstellar clouds, before the onset of star formation, revealing that chemical diversity and complexity is achieved early.

Joseph Gleeson and colleagues identify CEP41 mutations as a cause of Joubert syndrome. Their functional studies suggest that CEP41 regulates ciliary entry of TTLL6, an enzyme required for tubulin glutamylation at the cilium.

HLA peptidomic analysis identifies recurrent intracellular bacteria-derived peptides presented on HLA-I and HLA-II molecules in melanoma tumours, revealing how bacteria can modulate immune functions and responses to cancer therapies.

Tania Attié-Bitach and colleagues report that biallelic mutations in KIF7, a component of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, cause hydrolethalus and acrocallosal syndromes. They also present evidence that heterozygous KIF7 mutations contribute to the allelic load and phenotypic spectrum of other cilia disorders.

Iron deficiency, the most common health problem in the world, has required a blood test for diagnosis. Here, the authors show that iron deficiency can be detected non-invasively and quickly by measuring the fluorescence of red blood cell zinc protoporphyrin in the microcirculation of the lip.

RNA polymerase III changes its subunit composition during mammalian development. Here the authors report that loss of subunit POLR3G, which re-emerges in cancer, promotes expression of small NF90-associated RNA (snaR-A), a noncoding RNA implicated in cell proliferation and metastasis.

Defective ribonucleotide excision repair causes ID4, an indel cancer signature characterized by deletions of 2–5 base pairs.

Ciliopathies are caused by alterations in the development and function of cilia. Now Jeffrey Martens and his colleagues demonstrate anatomic and functional rescue of cilia development in mature, differentiated neurons by adenovirus-mediated restoration of expression of the wild-type protein intraflagellar transport protein 88 (Ift88) and show restoration of olfactory function in a mouse model of ciliopathy. A loss-of-function mutation in IFT88 is also identified in individuals with ciliopathies.

Sander and colleagues show that antigen-presenting cells detect bacterial RNA from live bacteria via TLR8 and promote T_FH cell differentiation and vaccine responses through the induction of a specific cytokine profile.

It remains unclear whether surface water partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂) in continental shelves tracks with increasing atmospheric pCO₂. Here, the authors show that pCO₂ in shelf waters lags behind rising atmospheric CO₂ in a number of shelf regions, suggesting shelf uptake of atmospheric CO₂.

Tobacco smoking and cold exposure are environmental modulators of human energy metabolism suppressing appetite and increasing energy expenditure, respectively. Here, the authors develop a novel pharmacological strategy in which they simultaneously mimic the metabolic benefits of both phenomena through small-molecule combination therapy, and show that this treatment improves metabolic health of obese mice.

The introduction of next-generation sequencing has provided revolutionary opportunities for comprehensive genetic testing in research and diagnostics. Here, the authors discuss approaches used for novel gene identification, the potential of these techniques to improve the management of patients with inherited kidney diseases—focusing on nephronophthisis and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract—and the remaining challenges for implementation of next-generation sequencing in clinical practice.

The planar cell polarity (PCP) effector Fuz had not been studied in mice. Due to disrupted ciliogenesis, Fuz mutant mice show neural tube and skeletal defects. Fuz regulates trafficking of membrane cargoes to cilia through its interaction with a GTPase of the Rab family.

Clinical oncology is rapidly adopting next-generation sequencing technology for nucleotide variant and indel detection. Here the authors present a three-platform approach (whole-genome, whole-exome, and whole-transcriptome) in pediatric patients for the detection of diverse types of germline and somatic variants.