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Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Two high-redshift post-starburst galaxies are in the process of quenching, although their quasars remain active, indicating the complex co-evolution between black hole activity and star formation.

The development of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) in homogeneous catalytic acceptorless dehydrogenation (CAD) with selectivity for thorough aromatization under mild conditions remains challenging. Here, the authors propose a catalyst system that facilitates a double hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes for the CAD of inert cycloalkanes at ambient temperature under visible light irradiation.

Yoshiya Kawaguchi and colleagues show that a Sox9-positive progenitor pool located in the epithelia of the biliary and pancreatic ducts of adult mice serves as a continuous source of intestinal cells, hepatocytes and pancreatic acinar cells, identifying a shared pathway underlying the cellular renewal of these adult endodermal organs.

The mechanism by which sulfur is incorporated into the furanose ring in albomycins—a group of natural nucleoside antibiotics—remains unclear. Now, this work explains how twitch radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine enzyme AbmM catalyses sulfur-for-oxygen replacement in the biosynthesis of albomycin δ₂.

The manipulation of domain walls in magnetic materials is attracting interest because of its potential use in memory devices. Chibaet al. demonstrate that the velocity of domain walls in perpendicularly magnetized films can be changed by more than an order of magnitude by applying an electric field.

Metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease presents challenges in clinical trials due to complex pathophysiology. This Review discusses noninvasive imaging, serum biomarkers and adaptive designs as modalities to enhance patient-centric end points, aiming to refine diagnostics and improve drug development.

Large scale suspension fermentation technology is not easily portable or reusable. Here the authors describe a hydrogel system suitable for long-term and reusable production with both single and multi-organism consortia.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) identifies more than 600 T2D-associated loci; integrating physiological trait and single-cell chromatin accessibility data at these loci sheds light on heterogeneity within the T2D phenotype.

We present the complete 62,460,029-base-pair sequence of a human Y chromosome from the HG002 genome (T2T-Y) that corrects multiple errors in GRCh38-Y and adds over 30 million base pairs of sequence to the reference.

Surgical removal of the metastases remains a life-extending approach to ovarian cancer, but the nodules are difficult to detect. Here the authors show that a new cell-permeable probe for β-galactosidase can sensitively and specifically detect peritoneal metastases in mouse models of ovarian cancer.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

It is not fully understood what factors drive population cycles of Antarctic krill. Contrary to previous work focusing on climatic factors, here the authors identify intraspecific competition for food as the primary driver of 5–6 year oscillations.

Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.

A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.

Here the authors show second harmonic generation (SHG) from a centrosymmetric organic superconductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)₂Cu[N(CN)₂]Br. They find unusual temperature dependence and CEP-sensitive nature of the SHG which are explained in terms of nonlinear current.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Transplants of consortia with limited numbers of strains of commensal bacteria derived from healthy human stool samples are able to suppress intestinal Enterobacteriaceae by regulating gluconate availability, suggesting potential therapies for infectious and inflammatory diseases.

A study in a mouse model of obesity and prediabetes demonstrates that recruitment of macrophages to nerves has a protective role in diet-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Thermoelectric performances depend on phonon and electron transport. Here, Takahashi et al. show that the large Seebeck coefficient observed in high-purity single-crystal FeSb₂ is due to the phonon-drag effect and to the high effective mass of delectrons interacting with quasi-ballistic phonons.

Studying carrier multiplication in materials is important to understand their transport properties and interaction with light. Hiroriet al. show that intense terahertz pulses can generate electron-hole pairs in GaAs quantum wells that then emit infrared light, contrary to the effect with a DC field.

A study leveraging transsynaptic tracing demonstrates rapid and extensive integration of human glioblastoma organoids into the mouse brain.

The propagation dynamics of skyrmions in three dimensions have attracted increasing attention. Here, the authors demonstrate the coherent and non-reciprocal propagation of spin excitations along skyrmion strings for the chiral-lattice magnet Cu₂OSeO₃ over a distance exceeding 50 μm.

Hirosawa et al. use single particle tracking and superresolution imaging to demonstrate that tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) undergo clathrin-independent endocytosis, with some using caveolae, facilitated by paracrine sEV binding-induced signaling in recipient cells.

Although attempts to identify magnetic monopoles in free space have been unsuccessful, monopole-like particles with classical dynamics have been reported in magnetic materials called spin ice. Kimura et al. identify quantum fluctuations of monopolar character in a new type of spin ice, Pr₂Zr₂O₇

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association study data from 77,418 individuals of East Asian ancestry with type 2 diabetes identifies novel variants associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

Understanding ultrafast dynamics of excited states of nitrogen-vacancy helps its manipulation for technological applications. Here the authors use polarization anisotropy spectroscopy and molecular dynamics to investigate sub-picosecond dephasing dynamics, identifying the origin of orbital averaging effects.

The physical properties of organic metals have generally been described in terms of a highly correlated Luttinger liquid. Using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, Kisset al. measure the Fermi surface of (BEDT-TTF)₃Br(pBIB), and find that, in contrast to other systems, it can be described as a Fermi liquid.

Iron pnictide compounds have recently been shown to have superconducting properties. Xuet al. show that the superconducting gap of underdoped pnictides scales linearly with the transition temperature, and that a pseudogap develops with underdoping.

How do entangled polymer rings relax? Linear polymers can ease their stress because their chains have ends, but cyclic polymers do not. Even trace amounts of linear chains dominate the mechanical properties if present as impurities. Investigation of carefully purified ring polymers reveals they exhibit self-similar dynamics and a power-law stress relaxation.

The mechanical properties of structural ceramics are characterized by a high degree of fragility and brittleness. This study demonstrates that, contrary to expectation, their brittleness can be reduced substantially by introducing nanopores together with weak grain boundary phases.

External strain is a versatile tool to enhance charge carrier mobility in transistor devices. Here Hiroshiet al.demonstrate that at low temperatures strain in an organic transistor device can be used to induce a superconducting state.