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Plasma proteomics plays a key role in advancing clinical research and biomarker discovery. Here, the authors show in a large MSCoreSys multicenter benchmark study that DIA outperforms DDA, delivering robust, precise, and reproducible label-free protein quantification across sites.

Understanding the immunological underpinnings of long-term survival in cancer is of high interest. Here, authors dissect the immune parameters of multiple myeloma long-term survivors following a single line of therapy longitudinally, and find sustained changes, including inflammation and impaired immune function.

Spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculations of the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction establish that reaction rates depend on the amount of charge stored in the electrocatalyst, and not on the applied potential.

The genomic basis of local adaptation can contribute to predicting species’ future maladaptation. This study shows that local adaptation in European beech is genetically complex, with current analyses only skimming the surface of the encoded information, highlighting the need for bigger data.

Exome sequencing within a structured diagnostic process for rare diseases in Germany shows how facial image analysis and machine learning can guide variant prioritization and uncover many ultrarare diseases.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Antiplatelet medication is standard care in myocardial infarction (MI). Here, the authors show that platelets release bioactive sphingosine-1- phosphate (S1P) during MI to protect the heart against injury, and that certain antiplatelet drugs preserve this favourable S1P release, while others don’t.

An interferometric technique is developed to measure the particle exchange phase of indistinguishable photons. The exchange phase obtained is (−0.04 ± 0.07) radians, which clearly demonstrates the symmetric nature of the two-photon wave functions.

Despite much research, the high-spin-state relaxation mechanism of Fe(II) spin-crossover complexes is unresolved. Using ultrafast circular dichroism spectroscopy it has now been revealed that the spin relaxation is driven by a torsional twisting mode, which breaks the chiral symmetry of a prototypical Fe(II) compound. Stereocontrolling the configuration of the complex can thus be used to slow down the spin relaxation.

A multicore analogue in-memory computing chip that is designed and fabricated in 14 nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology with backend-integrated phase-change memory can be used for deep neural network inference.

Lysine degradation and the role of the metabolites glutarate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate have remained elusive in many organisms including Escherichia coli. Here authors present a pathway for catabolism of lysine to succinate in E. coli involving glutarate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate as intermediates.

Endogenous retroviruses (ERV) can induce immune responses and the control of these viruses uses immune mechanisms also involved in autoimmunity. Here, the authors characterize the control of ERVs in mice and show age-associated B cell control and nucleic acid sensing TLR pathway involvement.

Skokowa et al. reconstruct the fold of a granulopoietic cytokine, resulting in de novo, hyperstable, highly active proteins with therapeutic potential for treating several neutropenia disorders.

Leukaemic stem cells drive acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) progression and relapse but they are incompletely characterized. Here, the authors combine single-cell transcriptomics and clonal tracking using nuclear and mitochondrial somatic variants to distinguish healthy, pre-leukaemic and leukaemic stem cells in AML.

The authors demonstrate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the nasopharynx and brain, suggesting that the virus is present in the CNS and may enter through the olfactory mucosa, exploiting the close vicinity of olfactory mucosal, endothelial and nervous tissue.

Blockade of intrahepatic accumulation and function of platelets represents a potential approach to treat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and prevent subsequent progression to hepatocellular carcinoma

Results of an exploratory interim analysis from a phase I trial show that an RNA vaccine targeted towards four melanoma-associated antigens produces durable objective responses in patients with melanoma that are accompanied by strong CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cell immunity.

Contemporary atmospheric reanalysis and forecast systems often neglect the snow layer on top of the sea ice. This can result in a 5 to 10 °C warm bias of the sea-ice surface temperature and thus, in a misrepresentation of the surface energy budget.

The 2S–2P transitions in muonic helium-4 ions are measured using laser spectroscopy and used to obtain an α-particle charge-radius value five times more precise than that from electron scattering.

Populus has young sex chromosomes despite ancient dioecy. This study shows that the ARR17 gene functions as a sex switch, triggering female development when on and male development when off. This single-gene system enables dynamic evolution of poplar sex chromosomes.

A method to tightly attach cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) to the culture surface is described. It is applied to generate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell–derived ECM, which supports culture of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

The IQ67 DOMAIN (IQD) family are plant-specific calmodulin-binding proteins. Several members are associated with the microtubule cytoskeleton, and now IQD6, IQD7 and IQD8 are characterized as functioning in the set-up of the cell division plane in the root meristem of Arabidopsis.

Haas, Velten and colleagues use single-cell multiomics of human blood and bone marrow to generate a reference map allowing the quantitative linking of cytometry and proteo-genomic information.

CircRNAs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, cardiovascular complications of chronic kidney disease and kidney cancer. This Review describes the roles of circRNAs in the pathophysiology of these diseases and highlights their potential as therapeutic targets and prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers.

Practitioners in the field of single-cell omics are now faced with diverse options for analytical tools to process and integrate data from various molecular modalities. In an Expert Recommendation article, the authors provide guidance on robust single-cell data analysis, including choices of best-performing tools from benchmarking studies.