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Here the authors apply machine learning approaches to Alzheimer’s genetics, confirm known associations and suggest novel risk loci. These methods demonstrate predictive power comparable to traditional approaches, while also offering potential new insights beyond standard genetic analyses.

Anderson localization is a regime where diffusion is inhibited, leading to the localization of waves. Here, Leonetti et al.use wavefront shaping to achieve focusing in disordered optical fibres in the Anderson regime and demonstrate efficient focusing action.

Information transport and control of the energy flow in a disordered system is difficult to achieve. Here Leonetti et al. demonstrate that the transmission of one laser mode in a random medium can be switched and amplified by exciting a second mode.

Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer’s disease derived from individuals of European ancestry can show improved performance in multiancestry settings after incorporating genome-wide association summary statistics from diverse populations.

Most genetic studies have been done on European cohorts, which affects the efficacy of polygenic risk scores in non-European populations. Here, the authors demonstrate that a colorectal cancer PRS including Asian and European ancestries has improved performance over the European-centric PRS across racial and ethnic groups.

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are known to have impact on Earth’s lower ionosphere, but GRB impacts on the upper ionosphere was not observed before. Here, the authors show strong electric field variation at 500 km in the ionosphere caused by GRB221009A.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

Here the authors use three different mouse models to show that prior infection or mRNA vaccination can protect against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) independently of antibodies, highlighting the importance of T cell-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in host defense and the need to consider this measure of protection in vaccination.

Chromosome 8q24 is known to be a major susceptibility region for prostate cancer risk. Here the authors analyze genetic data across the 8q24 region from 71,535 prostate cancer patients identifying 12 risk loci, three previously unreported, highlighting the contribution of germline variation at this locus.

In the absence of transcription, gene expression required for oocyte maturation is regulated by translation of preexisting mRNAs. Here the authors show that a defective program of mRNA translation in oocyte is associated with maternal aging.

This Brain Somatic Mosaicism Network analysis of 283 cases of malformations of cortical development identifies 69 candidate and known genes in 76 patients. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and mouse modeling implicate radial glia and daughter excitatory neurons.

The oocyte environment is critical for its development. Conti and colleagues demonstrate that, in mouse, amphiregulin-stimulated somatic cumulus cells promote translation of maternal mRNAs in the oocyte in a manner dependent on oocyte PI(3)K signalling.

This paper describes a neurotechnology that interacts with neural circuits in the spinal cord to restore arm and hand control after injury. With this implant, monkeys with paralysis recovered the ability to reach and grasp just a few days after injury.

Disruptions to the ER-Golgi network can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders, though our understanding of these Golgipathies remains incomplete. Here Lauri, Tartaglia and colleagues show that ARF3 mutations cause a rare pediatric neurological disorder and perform detailed molecular characterization in fish.

The interference between two frequency-degenerate upconversion processes enables a metasurface-based, all-optical routing by controlling the phase delay between pump beams.

Known genetic loci account for only a fraction of the genetic contribution to Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the authors have performed a large genome-wide meta-analysis comprising 409,435 individuals to discover 6 new loci and demonstrate the efficacy of an Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score.

Rouge waves have been observed in a number of complex systems, but not in biological structures. Here, the authors report the observation of optical rouge waves manifesting in tumor-cell spheroids when illuminated by randomly modulated laser beams.

Similarities in cancers can be studied to interrogate their etiology. Here, the authors use genome-wide association study summary statistics from six cancer types based on 296,215 cases and 301,319 controls of European ancestry, showing that solid tumours arising from different tissues share a degree of common germline genetic basis.

Cell products derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells hold promise for regenerative therapies, but the safety of these transplanted cells must be carefully assessed. Here they show that hiPSC-derived neural stem/progenitor cells are able to stably engraft and generate glia cells in transplanted mouse brains with no evidence of tumor formation.

The photophysical mechanism by which nucleosides dissipate energy after UV light irradiation is still under debate. Here the authors, using ultrafast time resolved optical spectroscopies and quantum chemical computations, resolve the early steps of such mechanism in uridine and 5-methyluridine in aqueous solution.

Recent experimental evidence shows a new type of intrinsic fluorescence in biomolecules void of aromatic chemical compounds whose origin is unclear. Here, the authors use non-adiabatic AIMD simulations to show a potential carbonyl-lock mechanism originating this phenomenon.

The efficacy of epidural electrical stimulation (EES) to engage arm muscles and improve movement after spinal cord injury is still unclear. Here, the authors investigated how EES can recruit upper-limb motor neurons by combining computational modelling with experiments in non-human primates.

Genome-wide analysis of copy number variants in 2,824 cases across the phenotypic spectrum of CAKUT sheds light on the genomic architecture of disease and identifies TBX6 as a driver for CAKUT subphenotypes in the 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome.

The RNA binding protein DAZL plays a critical role during germ cell development. Here the authors provide evidence that DAZL functions both as activator and repressor of translation during oocyte maturation in mouse.

Researchers report the first observation of the synchronous oscillation of electromagnetic modes in a cavity — known as mode-locking — in random lasers.

Haptic interfaces are important for the development of immersive human–machine interactions. To create a compact design with rich touch-sensitive functions, a robotic device called Foldaway, which folds flat, has been designed that can render three-degrees-of-freedom force feedback.

Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes play a crucial role in neuroblastoma, but their relationship to other immune cells is poorly understood. Here the authors identify the cellular and gene signatures of intratumoural dendritic cells and natural killer cells that predict the clinical outcome of neuroblastoma.

The transcription factor Sox17 is required for the development of the vasculature in vertebrates. Here Corada et al. show that Sox17 acts downstream of Wnt signalling and upstream of Notch signalling in the regulation of artery and vein differentiation in mice.

The exon junction complex (EJC) is found on spliced mRNAs and influences post-transcriptional regulation. It is now shown that in Drosophila melanogaster, the EJC is bound to some but not all spliced junctions, suggesting that its assembly by the splicing machinery is a regulated process.

The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying ovarian aging are incompletely understood. Here the authors provide single-nuclei RNA and ATAC-seq of human ovarian tissue from four young and four reproductively aged donors, revealing coordinated transcriptomic and epigenomic changes across cell types and highlighting a role for mTOR signaling in reproductive aging.

Intracellular G_s-cAMP signaling from β₁-adrenergic receptors residing in the Golgi represents ‘location bias’, a new form of GPCR functional selectivity. Inactive Golgi-localized receptors can be activated by some β₁-targeting drugs.

Group 3 medulloblastoma (MB) is considered one of the most aggressive forms of this cancer. Here, the authors show that Otx2 and c-MYC oncogenes can drive Group 3 MB formation in mouse and human cerebellar organoids while SMARCA4 overexpression or a EZH2-specific inhibitor can inhibit tumorigenesis.

Producing germ cells in vitro would open important new avenues for regenerative medicine, and obtaining alternative sources of pluripotent stem cells is desirable. In this regard, Geijsen et al. have shown that it is possible to differentiate stem cells into cells similar to male gametes, whereas Guan et al. reported the ability to turn undifferentiated germ cells into pluripotent stem cells.

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases are widely expressed enzymes that function as critical components of cell signaling pathways. In a new study, key interactions in the catalytic pocket essential for substrate selectivity have been identified for these enzymes, thus introducing novel perspectives for drug design.

The processing of RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II requires a cap-binding complex (CBC), consisting of NCBP1 and NCBP2. Here, the authors report an alternative CBC formed by NCBP1 and a previously uncharacterized protein, NCBP3 that is critical for RNA processing under cellular stress conditions.