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A biobank of ovarian cancer organoids recapitulates the histopathological and molecular hallmarks of patient tumors and provides a resource for preclinical research.

Immunization with Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites under chemoprophylaxis can protect against controlled human malaria infection with the same strain for at least 10 weeks, and protection correlates with polyfunctional T-cell memory.

The presence of small thermal regions in a many-body localized system could lead to its delocalization. An experiment with cold atoms now monitors the delocalization induced by the coupling of a many-body localized region with a thermal bath.

The role of chemoreceptors on vomeronasal neurons are not fully understood. Here the authors show that in mice, the vomeronasal chemoreceptor Fpr3 responds to peptides from the bacterial MgrB protein, and that exposure to these peptides drives an avoidance response.

The transmembrane receptor integrin is activated by talin, but so far it has remained elusive how talin is recruited to the plasma membrane. Here, the authors identify the Rap1-mediated membrane-targeting mechanism for talin, present the Rap1b/talin-F0 structure and show that talin is a direct Rap1b effector.

A new small-molecule inhibitor of the Hedgehog signaling pathway acts independently of Smoothened (Smo). Rather than acting through Smo, which is a GPCR-like protein of the pathway, the compound acts through the orphan GPCR GPR39, with the level of GPR39 activation correlating with Hh pathway inhibition.

The miR-200 family of miRNAs is upregulated in diabetes and leads to the apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells, while its knockout prevents this pathology

NFAT nuclear translocation has been shown to be required for CD8⁺ T cell cytokine production in response to viral infection. Here the authors show NFATc1 controls the cytotoxicity and metabolic switching of activated CD8⁺ T cells required for optimal response to bacteria and tumor cells.

How a catalyst behaves microscopically under reaction conditions, and what kinds of active sites transiently exist on its surface, is still very much a mystery to the scientific community. Here the authors report on in situ observation of a redox active copper catalyst by a combination of in situ imaging and spectroscopy tools.

Quantum critical behaviour at the many-body localization transition in a disordered Bose–Hubbard system of bosonic rubidium atoms in an optical lattice is observed, connecting the macroscopic phenomenology of the transition to the system’s microscopic quantum correlations.

Quantum gas microscopes provide high-resolution real-space snapshots of quantum many-body systems. Now machine-learning techniques are used in choosing theoretical descriptions according to the consistency of their predictions with these snapshots.

Wastewater-based epidemiology has already proven to be a powerful tool to monitor the spread of a number of diseases. This Perspective discusses the integration with machine learning, highlighting its potential in a number of wastewater-based epidemiology applications.

Entanglement, which describes non-local correlations between quantum objects, is very difficult to measure, especially in systems of itinerant particles; here spatial entanglement is measured for ultracold bosonic atoms in optical lattices.

The combination of interparticle interactions and a synthetic gauge field leads to chirality in the propagation dynamics of particles in a ladder-like lattice.

A type of interaction blockade that occurs for ultracold atoms confined to an optical lattice may offer a means of reducing the temperature and, thus, entropy of quantum gases to the level necessary for quantum simulation.

There are two different approaches for creating complex atomic many-body quantum systems — the macroscopic and the microscopic — which have, until now, been fairly disconnected. A quantum gas 'microscope' is now demonstrated that bridges the two approaches and can be used to detect single atoms held in a Hubbard-regime optical lattice. This quantum gas microscope may enable addressing and read-out of large-scale quantum information systems based on ultracold atoms.

Using ultracold atoms trapped in an optical lattice, a Laughlin-like fractional quantum Hall state is prepared and mapped out on a microscopic level.

The magnetic phases of the geometrically frustrated triangular lattice Hubbard model are directly investigated using ultracold fermionic atoms, indicating a possible transition to ferromagnetism at a filling of 1.2.

Emergence of Nagaoka polarons and kinetic magnetism is observed in a Hubbard system realized with strongly interacting fermions trapped in a triangular optical lattice.

Production of tools for polymer replication in the field of optical applications is still time-consuming and cost-intensive. Here the authors develop an efficient metal casting process, and demonstrate manufacturing of structures of complex shapes with a surface roughness of few nanometres.

A biosynthetic gene cluster from a Bacillus strain from the mouse gut produces bacillamide D, a selective cytotoxin, inhibiting growth and motility of human cell lines and murine organoids in vitro.

Programmable quantum simulations of many-body systems are demonstrated using a reconfigurable array of 51 individually trapped cold atoms with strong, coherent interactions controlled via excitation to Rydberg states.

The realization of two-qubit entangling gates with 99.5% fidelity on up to 60 rubidium atoms in parallel is reported, surpassing the surface-code threshold for error correction and laying the groundwork for neutral-atom quantum computers.

A programmable quantum processor based on encoded logical qubits operating with up to 280 physical qubits is described, in which improvement of algorithmic performance using a variety of error-correction codes is enabled.

Physical principles underlying machine learning analysis of quantum gas microscopy data are not well understood. Here the authors develop a neural network based approach to classify image data in terms of multi-site correlation functions and reveal the role of fourth-order correlations in the Fermi-Hubbard model.

Methane formation by a ROS-mediated process is linked to metabolic activity and is identified as a conserved feature across living systems.

A quantum processer is realized using arrays of neutral atoms that are transported in a parallel manner by optical tweezers during computations, and used for quantum error correction and simulations.

A programmable quantum simulator with 256 qubits is created using neutral atoms in two-dimensional optical tweezer arrays, demonstrating a quantum phase transition and revealing new quantum phases of matter.

A microcosm experiment replicated across 14 laboratories shows that deliberate inclusion of genetic variation enhances the reproducibility of an ecological study.

The One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining green plant evolution that comprises the transcriptomes and genomes of diverse species of green plants.

In situ sampling reveals that members of the SAR11 clade show significantly lower retention by mucous filter feeders, and that this is probably due to their reduced hydrophobic cell surface, suggesting that cell surface properties are important factors in predator–prey interactions.

Boronate-based ß-lactamase inhibitors play an important role in treating multidrug-resistant bacteria infection, however, the molecular mechanism of inhibition remains unclear. Here, the authors use time-resolved serial crystallography to investigate the binding process by using boric acid as a model against β-lactamase CTX-M-14, revealing the binding to the active site serine within 80–100 ms, a subsequent 1,2-diol boric ester formation with glycerol within 100–150 ms, as well as the displacement of the sulfate anion in the active site.

Exploring the relationship between mTORC1 and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, light is shed on the paradox between mTORC1-mediated muscle hypertrophy induced by PKB/Akt and the muscle atrophy induced by mTORC1 alone.

An orally available VHL-ERα PROTAC was developed that showed excellent degradation in vitro. When dosing in vivo, the degradation of ERα was lower than expected, due to competitive binding at the ERα binding site between the PROTAC and a linker metabolite.

An antiferromagnet with a correlation length that encompasses the whole system is created with the aid of quantum gas microscopy of cold atoms in an optical lattice.

The AAA+ ATPase p97 protein is thought to be a potential anticancer target, but direct targeting on its ATPase function has not proven to be a successful strategy in clinical trials due to lack of selectivity. Here, the authors use biolayer interferometry-based fragment screening to identify ligands for the development of protein-protein interaction inhibitors by targeting the SHP-motif as a cofactor binding site in the N-domain of p97.