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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental health problem. Here, the authors report a GWAS from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium in which they identify two risk loci in European ancestry and one locus in African ancestry individuals and find that PTSD is genetically correlated with several other psychiatric traits.

The impact of the DART spacecraft on the asteroid Dimorphos is reported and reconstructed, demonstrating that kinetic impactor technology is a viable technique to potentially defend Earth from asteroids.

Discovery of full-length antibodies can be slow and labor intensive. Here, the authors describe a robust genetic assay for facile isolation of IgG antibodies from combinatorial libraries expressed in the cytoplasm of redox-engineered bacteria.

Analyses of multiregional tumour samples from 421 patients with non-small cell lung cancer prospectively enrolled to the TRACERx study reveal determinants of tumour evolution and relationships between intratumour heterogeneity and clinical outcome.

Lee et al. show that DMXL1, a regulator of V-ATPase assembly, is recruited to lysosomes upon TRPML1 activation in a manner dependent on conjugation of ATG8 proteins on lysosomal membranes (CASM) and promotes lysosomal function.

Timothy Frayling, Joel Hirschhorn, Peter Visscher and colleagues report a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for adult height in 253,288 individuals. They identify 697 variants in 423 loci significantly associated with adult height and find that these variants cluster in pathways involved in growth and together explain one-fifth of the heritability for this trait.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide analyses identify new risk loci for age-related macular degeneration. Ancestry-specific analyses identify distinct effects at major risk loci, including smaller effect sizes for CFH risk alleles in haplotypes of African ancestry.

Inversion of the mouse α-globin super-enhancer reverses expression and interaction profiles of flanking genes. Contrary to the orientation-independent paradigm of enhancers, this super-enhancer acts in an orientation-dependent manner.

Smith et al demonstrate that mutated splicing factor U2AF1 promotes expression of a longer isoform of IRAK4, leading to enhanced NF-kB activation and leukaemic growth in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Levantine Phoenicians made little genetic contribution to Punic settlements in the central and western Mediterranean between the sixth and second centuries bce; instead, the Punic people derived most of their ancestry from a genetic profile similar to that of Sicily and the Aegean, with notable contributions from North Africa as well.

SuShiE is a multiancestry fine-mapping method for molecular quantitative trait loci that leverages linkage disequilibrium heterogeneity to improve resolution, infer cross-ancestry effect size correlations and estimate ancestry-specific expression prediction weights.

Grockowiak et al. explore bone marrow niche heterogeneity in myeloproliferative neoplasms, polycytemia vera and essential thrombocytemia and find JAK2-mutated hematopoietic stem cells occupying distinct niches affecting cell growth and therapy response.

GPAT1 is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein that catalyzes the first step of glycerolipid biosynthesis. Cryo-EM structures and functional studies of human GPAT1 uncover the molecular architecture and mechanism of this important acyltransferase.

A region on chromosome 19p13 is associated with the risk of developing ovarian and breast cancer. Here, the authors genotyped SNPs in this region in thousands of breast and ovarian cancer patients and identified SNPs associated with three genes, which were analysed with functional studies.

The docking of a 1.7 billion- versus a 99 million-molecule virtual library against β-lactamase revealed that the larger-sized library produced improved hit rates and potency along with an increased number of scaffolds.

The genomic sequences of 12 Drosophila species for conserved elements and describe the relationship between conservation and function for many specific sequence motifs.

Vaccination is effective in protecting from COVID-19. Here the authors report immune responses and breakthrough infections in twice-vaccinated patients receiving anti-TNF treatments for inflammatory bowel disease, and find dampened vaccine responses that implicate the need of adapted vaccination schedules for these patients.

A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.

Genome-wide association studies have identified regions which confer risk of high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Here the authors use expression quantitative train locus analysis to identify candidate genes and functionally characterise them, identifying a role for HOXD9 in ovarian cancer.

Gloger's rule describes how the colouring of animals darkens the closer to the equator they live. Similar global trends have not been observed in plants. Here Gloger's rule holds for the variation of UV pigments in silverweed (Argentina anserine).

Satellite-based mapping of vegetation shows that photosynthetic life occupies a total area of 44.2 km² across Antarctica.

Antibiotic resistance is biologically driven by antibiotic use but other social, environmental, demographic, economic and behavioural factors also contribute. Here, the authors conduct a cross-sectional study to identify risk factors jointly associated with multidrug resistant urinary tract infection in East Africa.

A detailed parcellation (map) of the human cerebral cortex has been obtained by integrating multi-modal imaging data, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and the resulting freely available resources will enable detailed comparative studies of the human brain in health, ageing and disease.

Many published studies of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have analysed data from non-representative samples from populations. Here, using UK BioBank samples, Gibran Hemani and colleagues discuss the potential for such studies to suffer from collider bias, and provide suggestions for optimising study design to account for this.

Matthew Law, Mark Iles and colleagues report the results of a large-scale genome-wide meta-analysis of cutaneous malignant melanoma. They confirm previously reported association signals and identify five new susceptibility loci, with associated variants mapping within putative melanocyte regulatory elements.

Identification of the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum in a marine sedimentary sequence shows that sea surface temperatures near the North Pole increased from roughly 18 degrees Celsius to over 23 degrees Celsius — such warm values imply the absence of ice and thus exclude the influence of ice-albedo feedbacks on this Arctic warming.

Singlet fission is an important process occurring in solar cells, however the mechanism is not well understood. Here the authors reveal intermediates during singlet fission of a non-conjugated pentacene dimer, developing a single kinetic model to describe the data over seven temporal orders of magnitude at room and cryogenic temperatures.

A multiomic approach profiles the three-dimensional, epigenetic and mutational landscapes of 80 metastatic prostate cancer biopsies. Hi-C experiments identify an extrachromosomal circular DNA at the AR locus associated with therapy resistance.

RNA sequencing data and tumour pathology observations of non-small-cell lung cancers indicate that the immune cell microenvironment exerts strong evolutionary selection pressures that shape the immune-evasion capacity of tumours.

Enterococci enhance the fitness and pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile in the gut by altering the amino acid composition and providing signals that increase its virulence towards the host.

The archaeological site Shinfa-Metema 1 in the lowlands of northwest Ethiopia provides early evidence of intensive riverine-based foraging aided by the likely adoption of the bow and arrow.

Whipworms are large parasites causing chronic disease in humans and other mammals. Here, the authors show how larvae create tunnels inside the gut lining and reveal the early host response to infection via Isg15 in mice and murine caecaloids.

Efficiency improvements that cause price decreases and consumption increases may offset the benefits of avoided food loss and waste (FLW), hindering progress towards SDG 12. Based on published income-group- and food-type-specific price elasticities of supply and demand, this study quantifies the direct rebound effects from large reductions in FLW of six types of food.

The pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium increases production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) inside acidic vacuoles of host cells, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, Dehinwal et al. show that acidic pH induces conformational changes in an outer membrane protein that affect its interaction with membrane lipids, thus modulating OMV formation.

An integrated analysis of de novo and inherited coding variants in 42,607 individuals with autism spectrum disorder identifies 60 risk genes of which five have not previously been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Bone-matrix mineralization induces a less proliferative phenotype in breast cancer cells, as shown in collagen-based matrices with adjustable mineralization and in mice with xenografted bone matrices seeded with cancer cells.

Corals have evolved as finely tuned light collectors. Here, the authors report on the 3D printing of coral-inspired biomaterials, that mimic the coral-algal symbiosis; these bionic corals lead to dense microalgal growth and can find applications in algal biotechnology and applied coral science.

The inhibition of bacterial glycosyltransferase has the potential to be an effective therapeutic target against drug resistance bacteria. Here, the authors present a novel class of inhibitor compounds based on a monosaccharide scaffold, which are able to eliminate bacterial infections in mice.

Bioinformatic analysis coupled to substrate-reactivity profiling for the glycosyltransferase (GT) enzyme superfamily supports the development of ‘GT-Predict’ as a tool for functional prediction of GT–substrate relationships.

Genome-wide analysis identifies variants associated with the volume of seven different subcortical brain regions defined by magnetic resonance imaging. Implicated genes are involved in neurodevelopmental and synaptic signaling pathways.

An initial draft of the human pangenome is presented and made publicly available by the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium; the draft contains 94 de novo haplotype assemblies from 47 ancestrally diverse individuals.

Blind mole rats are small rodents characterized by an exceptionally long lifespan and resistance to both spontaneous and induced tumorigenesis. Gorbunova and colleagues show that a transposon-triggered innate immune response confers cancer resistance to the blind mole rat.

A single-cell transcriptomic analysis of endometriosis, endometriomas, eutopic endometrial samples and uninvolved ovary tissues highlights cell populations characteristic of these tissue types. Transcriptional and cellular heterogeneity across tissues suggests novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers for this disease.

Low read depth sequencing of whole genomes and high read depth exomes of nearly 10,000 extensively phenotyped individuals are combined to help characterize novel sequence variants, generate a highly accurate imputation reference panel and identify novel alleles associated with lipid-related traits; in addition to describing population structure and providing functional annotation of rare and low-frequency variants the authors use the data to estimate the benefits of sequencing for association studies.

Genome-wide analyses identify common variants associated with 11 distinct neuropathology endophenotypes, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying the genetic risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.