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Coherent transfer of an optical photon polarization state to a single nuclear spin in a nitrogen–vacancy defect centre in diamond is demonstrated without a high-finesse cavity. A storage time of 10 s is achieved with a transfer fidelity of 98%.

Researchers incorporate mass spectrometry-based proteomics and machine learning to assess the potential of a less invasive diagnostic approach for Lyme neuroborreliosis, a common nervous system infection.

Low-antigen-expressing cancers are a challenge to existing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell-based therapies. Now, it has been shown that fusion of intrinsically disordered regions to CARs induces CAR condensation and enhances antigen sensitivity and killing activity of CAR-T cells.

The authors report on an experimental study of attosecond time delays of photoelectrons emitted from CO₂ molecules. This clarifies the role of internal dynamics of ions and ionelectron entanglement on the photoionization dynamics.

Single, self-amplifying RNA molecules condensed by an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte self-assemble into compact globular nanoparticles that can be used as vaccines to generate potent immunological responses at low doses.

By reflecting light from a relativistically moving mirror, its frequency can be changed, which could create X-rays from visible light. Kiefer et al. make such a mirror from relativistic electrons formed by an intense laser striking a nanofoil, and shift a laser pulse from the infrared to the extreme ultraviolet.

The half-Heusler GdPtBi is reported to exhibit negative longitudinal magnetoresistance. This is attributed to the chiral anomaly due to the formation of Weyl nodes with an applied magnetic field. The anomaly is also found to suppress the thermopower.

Across 13 longitudinal studies (3,737 adults), the authors show that brain atrophy parallels memory loss, with a stronger coupling in later life. APOE ε4 increases decline, yet genetic risk does not modify the brain–memory relationship.

Adhesion forces depend on the strength and density of the individual molecular interactions of which they are composed. Here, the authors use surface force apparatus and atomic force microscopy to experimentally probe the scaling of single-molecule interactions into macroscopic properties.

In 2000, Asher Peres put forward the paradoxical idea that entanglement could be produced after the entangled particles have been measured, even if they no longer exist. Researchers now experimentally demonstrate this idea using four photons.

Supersonic turbulence is relevant to astrophysical plasmas with their study mostly limited to numerical simulations. Here the authors demonstrate supersonic turbulence in collisional high Mach number plasma jets generated in laboratory by using high power lasers.

A study presents ensemble recordings of neurons in the lumbar spinal cord indicating that activity in spinal cord circuits for movement follows low-dimensional rotational dynamics, and proposes a theory of neural generation of movements.

The oxygen evolution reaction proceeds over a surface that undergoes (frustrated) phase transitions to accommodate bias-dependent excess charge. Now it has been shown that this excess charge is intimately linked to the interfacial solvation of ions and the pre-organization of the transition state, providing insight into intrinsic catalyst activities.

A study reports single-cell RNA-sequencing profiles for more than 1.6 million cell nuclei from 101 whole mouse embryos including 22 mutant and 4 wild-type genotypes, from one experiment.

Experimental characterization of entanglement — a vital resource for quantum information applications — is difficult, but this study reports a direct, quantitative measurement of entanglement in a simple linear optics set-up.

Quantum teleportation has been previously demonstrated between objects of the same nature, such as light pulses or material particles. But this paper demonstrates teleportation between objects of a different nature: a quantum state encoded in a light pulse is teleported onto an atomic ensemble containing 10¹² caesium atoms.

Genome-wide data from 400 individuals indicate that the initial spread of the Beaker archaeological complex between Iberia and central Europe was propelled by cultural diffusion, but that its spread into Britain involved a large-scale migration that permanently replaced about ninety per cent of the ancestry in the previously resident population.

Recent theory predicts that Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen arguments enable an effect in which one party can steer the other but not the converse. Researchers have now demonstrated this one-way steering effect with two entangled Gaussian modes of light, potentially opening up a new field of applications in quantum information.

Ancient human DNA from Grotta della Monaca in reveals ancestry patterns, kinship-based burial practices, and evidence of a parent-offspring union in Bronze Age southern Italy.

A nondestructive detector of photonic qubits, comprising a single ⁸⁷Rb atom trapped in the centre point of two crossed fibre-based optical resonators, is demonstrated.

Population genomic analyses of Midas cichlid fishes in young Nicaraguan crater lakes suggest that sympatric speciation is promoted by polygenic architectures.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Collagen is an important structural protein in connective tissue, but the effect of location and type of micro-ruptures in the structure on the overall tissue is not well understood. Here, the authors use scale-bridging simulations to determine the breakage points in collagen, and how the failure mode helps to prevent material ageing

The benchmark for a global quantum internet — quantum teleportation of independent qubits using active feed-forward over a free-space link whose attenuation corresponds to the path between a satellite and a ground station — has now been successfully achieved over a distance of 143 km, between the Canary Islands of La Palma and Tenerife.

The dayside thermal emission spectrum and brightness temperature map of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-18b obtained from the NIRISS instrument on the JWST showed water emission features, an atmosphere consistent with solar metallicity, as well as a steep and symmetrical decrease in temperature towards the nightside.

Measuring rhythm priors in 39 participant groups from 15 countries, the authors find that properties of rhythm representations are common across cultures, while variation from place to place related to local musical traditions exists.

European populations underwent strong genetic changes during the Neolithic. Here, Furtwängler et al. provide ancient nuclear and mitochondrial genomic data from the region of Switzerland during the end of the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age that reveal a complex genetic turnover during the arrival of steppe ancestry.

Metabolic reprogramming during Dietary Restriction (DR) activates cytoprotective gene expression. Here the authors show that PUFAs generated during DR signal via the p38-MAPK pathway to enhance cytoprotective gene expression, contributing to increased longevity.

Concentrations of cations and ATP affect the binding activities of synaptotagmin-1, to trigger synaptic vesicle exocytosis. In physiological ionic conditions, synaptotagmin-1's interaction with SNARE proteins is prevented, and its binding is confined to PIP₂-containing membrane.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Although Tc toxins are a major class of bacterial toxin translocation systems, little is known about their receptor binding. Here, the authors identify heparins/heparan sulfates and Lewis antigens as receptors for different Tc toxins, determine cryo-EM structures of three toxin-glycan complexes and propose a two-step cell adhesion mechanism for Tc toxins.

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the accumulation of aggregated tau protein. Here the authors find that Hsp chaperones, which normally protect cell homeostasis, can assemble with co-chaperones in a “multichaperone machinery” to target tau aggregation.

Schulz et al. systematically benchmark performance scaling with increasingly sophisticated prediction algorithms and with increasing sample size in reference machine-learning and biomedical datasets. Complicated nonlinear intervariable relationships remain largely inaccessible for predicting key phenotypes from typical brain scans.

Tc toxins are a major class of bacterial toxin translocation systems that inject toxic enzymes into target cells. Here the authors present functional and structural data showing that the toxic enzyme can be replaced by other small proteins and identify prerequisites required for successful translocation, which could facilitate the development of functional Tc-based protein injection devices.

Green leaf volatiles are emitted from plants in response to stress. Here the authors identify an isomerase in Manduca sexta that both modulate plant green leaf volatiles and functions in insect development.