Liquid biopsy techniques, especially the use of plasma circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) analysis, are a convenient, fast and non-invasive approach to the diagnosis and monitoring of urological cancers, and could enable selection of targeted therapy before clinical and radiographic changes occur. In this Review, the authors discuss the uses of liquid biopsy and plasma ctDNA analysis in particular, and consider how it could be used in clinical practice now and in the future.
- Manuel Caitano Maia
- Meghan Salgia
- Sumanta K. Pal