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Using complementary multiplicity-edited ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, oxidative dearomatization is shown to be a key driver for generating structural diversity during processing of dissolved organic matter and the data also suggest high abundance of OC_qC₃ units.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disease resulting in reduced mucus clearance and impaired lung function. Here, the authors show that mutations in PIH1D3 are responsible for an X-linked form of PCD, affecting assembly of a subset of inner arm dyneins.

Heymut Omran, Joseph LoTurco and colleagues show that mutations in the dyslexia susceptibility candidate gene DYX1C1 cause primary ciliary dyskinesia. Their functional studies suggest that DYX1C1 is required for the cytoplasmic preassembly of axonemal dynein complexes.

Limited diagnostic capacity for asymptomatic individuals hinders malaria elimination efforts in Africa. Here, the authors present a near point-of-care method based on colorimetric LAMP detection that outperforms expert microscopy and commercial rapid diagnostic tests for Plasmodium detection in asymptomatic and submicroscopic individuals.

Our current understanding of cilia biology and ciliary diseases is incomplete, in part because cilia are hard to visualize. Here, the authors use cryo-electron tomography to image the structure of human cilia with high resolution and uncover the elusive ciliary defects in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia patients.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Motile and non-motile cilia have distinct functions and protein complexes associated with them. Here, the authors show the conserved protein CFAP20 is important for both motile and non-motile cilia and is distinct from other ciliopathy-associated domains or macromolecular complexes.

Literature produced inconsistent findings regarding the links between extreme weather events and climate policy support across regions, populations and events. This global study offers a holistic assessment of these relationships and highlights the role of subjective attribution.

What is the state of trust in scientists around the world? To answer this question, the authors surveyed 71,922 respondents in 68 countries and found that trust in scientists is moderately high.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

The genomic sequences of 12 Drosophila species for conserved elements and describe the relationship between conservation and function for many specific sequence motifs.

Heterozygous mutateons in the caspase-8 cleavage site of RIPK1 cause a range of autoinflammatory symptoms in humans, and caspase-8 cleavage of RIPK1 in a mouse model limits TNF-induced cell death and inflammation.

XBB.1.5 of SARS-CoV-2 is a descendant of XBB.1 and has mutations in spike and ORF8, making it more infectious to humans. Here, the authors examined in detail the differences in virological properties of the two variants.

Cilia — tiny hair-like organelles attached to the cell surface — are located on most polarized cells and have been adapted as versatile tools for various cellular functions. Several molecular mechanisms affecting the structure and function of distinct cilia types are associated with cilia-related disorders.

MYCN is frequently amplified in neuroblastomas. Here, the authors show that MYCN disrupts the molecular clock by downregulating clock activator RORα and that the reactivation of RORα restores BMAL1 activity, and inhibits lipid metabolism and neuroblastoma growth

Access to low cost finance is vital for developing economies’ transition to green energy. Here the authors show how modelled decarbonization pathways for developing economies are disproportionately impacted by different weighted average cost of capital (WACC) assumptions.

Sexual forms of malaria parasites are responsible for transmission to the mosquito. Anti-malarial drug resistance remains a serious problem and requires advent of new drug therapies. Here, the authors present a high-throughput screen of potential antimalarial compounds, identifying seventeen drug-like molecules specifically targeting transmission.

Ito et al. present CoVFit, an AI model that predicts variant fitness (transmissibility) from spike protein sequences alone. They further demonstrate its utility in forecasting viral evolution via single amino acid mutations.

Evolutionarily conserved gene modules mediate neurodegenerative dementia in a variety of mouse models and in postmortem brain tissue from patients.

Denoising low-counting statistics data in the presence of multiple, unknown noise profiles is a challenging task in scientific applications where high accuracy is required. Oppliger and colleagues train a deep convolutional neural network on pairs of experimental low- and high-noise X-ray diffraction data and demonstrate better performance on experimental noise filtering compared with the case of training on artificial data pairs.

Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is the scaffold protein that is essential for the assembly and function of HDL particles. A structural model for monomeric, lipid-free apoA-I, based on previous and new data, is now presented.

Magnetic palaeointensity data from the Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa) as well as the Jack Hills (Western Australia) show nearly constant palaeofield values between 3.9 Ga and 3.4 Ga, providing evidence for stagnant-lid mantle convection.

JN.1 lineage is a globally dominant variant of SARS-CoV-2. Here, the authors examine structural insights into the BA.2.86 and JN.1 spike dynamics to help understand the mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection and its neutralizing-antibody evasion.

Optimized negative-staining and cryo–positive staining EM reveals that human cholesteryl ester transfer protein penetrates into HDL and LDL from each distal end and potentially forms a continuous tunnel by connecting its internal series of isolated hydrophobic cavities together for cholesteryl ester transfer.

Using more than 100 independent iPSC lines derived from patients with Alzheimer’s disease, the authors discovered loci associated with the neuronal production of amyloid β and confirmed their influence using RNA interference.

Contrary to the view that urbanization is a major driver of the global rise in obesity, the global increase in body-mass index is shown to be mostly due to increases in the body-mass indexes of rural populations.

The motility that is afforded by flagella and cilia is widespread among unicellular eukaryotes. In this Review, Ginger and colleagues describe the structure of the flagellum, its metabolic activity, different synthesis pathways and flagellar functions that extend beyond motility.

NMR resonances of backbone nuclei have been assigned for >95% of the residues in oxidized, substrate-free, perdeuterated ¹³C/¹⁵N-labelled MurB (347 residues). A novel approach utilizing minimum chemical shift changes was employed to localize the NADP⁺ binding site on MurB.