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Experiments on a noisy 127-qubit superconducting quantum processor report the accurate measurement of expectation values beyond the reach of current brute-force classical computation, demonstrating evidence for the utility of quantum computing before fault tolerance.

The authors report a high-throughput combinatorial printing method capable of fabricating materials with compositional gradients at microscale spatial resolution, demonstrating a variety of high-throughput printing strategies and applications in combinatorial doping, functional grading and chemical reaction.

Ray Ming, Robert Paull, Qingyi Yu and colleagues report the genome sequences of two cultivated pineapple varieties and one wild pineapple relative. Their analysis supports the use of the pineapple as a reference genome for monocot comparative genomics and provides insight into the evolution of crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis.

The challenge in synthesizing hydrogen peroxide from O₂ and H₂O is to balance several concurrent reactions. Now, selective H₂O₂ production is achieved on a noble-metal-free photocatalyst based on carbon-nitride-supported antimony single atoms.

Intraspecies response to climate change is expected to align with genetic affinity. Using the American pika as a case study suggests that divisions of species distributions best explain intraspecific heterogeneity in climate relationships.

Aged fibroblasts release a Wnt antagonist, sFRP2, which drives a signalling cascade in melanoma cells, leading to increased metastasis and reduced effectiveness of targeted therapy.

New excavations in Sulawesi, where in situ stone artefacts associated with fossil remains of megafauna have been recovered from stratified deposits between 200,000 and 100,000 years ago, suggest that Sulawesi was host to a long-established population of archaic hominins.

Covalent inhibitors are a successful class of drugs, however, the optimization of targeted covalent inhibitors has challenges due to the need to increase non-covalent interactions and modulate reactivity. Here, the authors study the structure-reactivity-activity relationships of analogues of the EGFR inhibitor poziotinib, showing practical methods to characterize structure-activity relationships, providing insights into the origins of potency and highlighting the effect of chirality on covalent binding.

Sequencing of Medicago truncatula, a model organism of legume biology, shows that genome duplications had a role in the evolution of endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation.

The past 25 years have seen tremendous progress in thermometry across the moderate temperature range of 1 K to 1,235 K. Various primary thermometers, based on a wide range of different physics, have uncovered errors in the International Temperature Scale of 1990, and set the stage for the planned redefinition of the kelvin.

The authors summarize the history of the ENCODE Project, the achievements of ENCODE 1 and ENCODE 2, and how the new data generated and analysed in ENCODE 3 complement the previous phases.

Verification efforts of density-functional theory (DFT) calculations are of crucial importance to evaluate the reliability of simulation results. In this Expert Recommendation, we suggest metrics for DFT verification, illustrating them with an all-electron reference dataset of 960 equations of state covering the whole periodic table (hydrogen to curium) and discuss the importance of improving pseudopotential codes.

A timely tale of one man's mission to stamp out medical fraudsters in 1920s America.

Image-based simulation for obtaining physical quantities is limited by the uncertainty in the underlying image segmentation. Here, the authors introduce a workflow for efficiently quantifying segmentation uncertainty and creating uncertainty distributions of the resulting physics quantities.

The textile industry is one of the largest polluters. Here the authors show that polyethylene is a sustainable alternative textile with water wicking and fast-drying performance. The fabrication of polyethylene fabrics is compatible with standard equipment and could be dry-coloured, further reducing water consumption.

The idea of producing electricity from sunlight is attractive, but in practice the technology to do so is expensive. A new device, moving away from the traditional silicon design, shows promise.

Pioneer of the kinetics of phase transformations in condensed matter.

This large, multi-ethnic genome-wide association study identifies 97 loci significantly associated with atrial fibrillation. These loci are enriched for genes involved in cardiac development, electrophysiology, structure and contractile function.

Hydrogen–metal surface interactions play an important role in energy technologies and metal corrosion, but a thorough understanding of these interactions at the nanoscale remains elusive due to detection limits and the volatility of pure hydrogen. Here, the authors use transmission electron microscopy to show that hydrogen adsorbs directly at the (0001) surfaces of hexagonal helium bubbles within neutron irradiated beryllium.

Solar-driven photocatalytic water splitting provides a clean pathway for production of hydrogen fuel. This Review examines both amorphous and crystalline polymeric materials for water splitting, exploring polymer design strategies, theoretical understanding and challenges for the field.

Rebecca Fitzgerald and colleagues used genome sequence analyses to study the progression from premalignant Barrett's esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and found that the majority of recurrently mutated genes in EAC were also mutated in precursor lesions and that only mutations in TP53 and SMAD4 were stage specific.

Complementary genomic features associated with pathway activation, gene dependency and drug sensitivity are uncovered using REVEALER.

The Microfluidic-based Ligand Enrichment (SMiLE) sequencing strategy probes DNA binding of single and heterodimeric transcription factors over a wide affinity range.

The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network neuroimaging repository is a free resource consisting of PET and MRI scans from 533 individuals across 206 families who are deeply phenotyped with genetic, clinical, cognitive and biofluid sampling.

Gold surfaces decorated with organosulfur ligands are of nanotechnological importance. Despite this, gold-sulfur interactions — to which van der Waals forces contribute significantly — have only recently been studied in depth. This Review covers these and other soft-soft interactions in which van der Waals forces determine bonding outcomes.

Hao et al. develop a machine learning approach to spectroscopy data of the tissue biochemistry of the switchgrass Panicum virgatum L. Using field and lab data with phosphorus-limited conditions, the authors show how soil phosphorus availability and nutrient allocations strategies may impact feedstock chemical components and quality.

A genome-wide association study using electronic health record data in the Million Veteran Program uncovers new genetic loci associated specifically with peripheral artery disease, as compared to stroke or coronary artery disease.

The formation of Bermuda sampled a previously unknown mantle reservoir that is characterized by silica-undersaturated melts enriched in volatiles and by a unique lead isotopic signature, which suggests that the source is young.

Herein, we elaborated a facile and generally applicable synthetic strategy to ensure confinement of uniformly dispersed noble-metal nanoparticles (Au, Pt, Rh, Ru, Ag, Pd and Ir) within various carbon morphologies with controlled loadings from 8 to 44%. The metal nanoparticles were small (~2 nm), but importantly were evenly distributed throughout the carbon support even at the highest loading, allowing for a significantly higher surface area for rapid and even selective catalysis.