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Perovskite solar cells have been limited by the use of relatively expensive organic compounds as hole-transporting materials. Here, Qin et al.use an inorganic hole conductor, CuSCN, in a lead halide perovskite solar cell and achieve power conversion efficiencies as high as 12.4%.

The energy disorders in the lateral direction of the junction in large-area photovoltaic modules are largely overlooked. Here, authors employ organic amidinium passivators to suppress the micro-inhomogeneity in the lateral energy landscapes and achieve high performance stable perovskite solar cells.

The incorporation of electron transport layers based on single-crystalline TiO₂ rhombohedral nanoparticles enables the realization of stable and efficient large-area perovskite solar cell modules.

Retaining high performance of perovskite solar cells over large areas is a challenge. Yang et al. use a thermotropic liquid crystal with high diffusivity that does not co-crystallize with the perovskite, suppressing defect formation and enabling large-area solar modules with improved stability and efficiency.

Salt passivation of perovskite often results in formation of 2D perovskite layers, which impaired charge transport behaviour. Here, the authors study the energy barrier of 2D perovskite formation upon passivation by different iodide salt, and provide insight how to manipulate this to maximise device performance.

The black phase of formamidinium lead iodide perovskite is used to make highly efficient solar cells, and a technique to improve its purity and stability by controlling crystal nucleation could make them even better.

The use of additives in the fabrication of solution-processed n-type perovskite transistors alleviates lattice strain and suppresses undercoordinated lead, boosting the charge transport properties of the devices and making them suitable for use in complementary circuit applications.

A heteroepitaxial-strain-based strategy for enhancing the stability of perovskite quantum dots for spectrally narrow (pure) red LEDs is reported.

A synergistic dopant-additive combination strategy using methylammonium chloride as the dopant and a Lewis-basic ionic-liquid additive is shown to enable the fabrication of perovskite solar modules achieving record certified performance and long-term operational stability.

Up-scaling represents a key challenge for photovoltaics based on metal halide perovskites. Using a composite of 2D and 3D perovskites in combination with a printable carbon black/graphite counter electrode; Granciniet al., report 11.2% efficient modules stable over 10,000 hours.

Cation engineering has been used to tune the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. Here, Jodlowski et al. introduce guanidinium, a cation slightly larger than previously thought possible, mixed with the traditional methylammonium cation, into the 3D structure, improving device stability.

The efficiency of perovskite solar cells is limited by the performance of the hole-transport material, which extracts charges from the active layer. Here, a molecularly engineered hole transporter with performance comparable to spiro-OMeTAD is demonstrated.

Improving the manufacturability of perovskite solar cells is key to their deployment. Zheng et al. report a one-step deposition of the hole-selective and absorber layers that addresses wettability issues and simplifies the fabrication process.

Perovskite solar cells are still plagued by hysteresis, despite the good charge transport properties of the perovskite counterpart. Here, the authors dope the mesoporous TiO₂scaffold with lithium to improve the transport properties of this other important component of solar cells, and reduce the hysteresis.

Lead halide perovskite solar cells have a limited spectral response in the near infrared. Here, the authors present ruthenium dyes with extended near infrared absorbance and combine perovskite and dye-based solar cells by spectral splitting to obtain broadband, 21.5% efficient solar cells.

The origin of hysteresis remains an open question in lead-halide perovskite solar cells. Here, Meloni et al. investigate the causes of hysteresis using an experimental and computational approach, finding that the observed hysteresis is due to halide ion-vacancy movement in the perovskite.

The performance of perovskite solar cells has improved dramatically over just a few years but our understanding of how they work is incomplete. Bergmann et al.use Kelvin probe force microscopy to map the electric potential in these cells to show that an accumulation of holes could limit this performance.

Ion migration can induce overshoot of luminance in normal 3D perovskite light-emitting diode devices and results in reduced lifetime. Here Kim et al. show that the ion migration and overshoot can be suppressed in 3D/2D hybrid perovskites, leading to 21 times longer operational lifetime.

Perovskite materials show great promise for solar cell devices, owing in particular to their high power conversion efficiency. Now, the addition of butylphosphonic acid 4-ammonium cations during a one-step process has been shown to improve both the efficiency and moisture stability of perovskite photovoltaics, through the formation of hydrogen-bonding crosslinks between neighbouring grains.

Device resilience under temperature cycling is critical for the practical implementation of perovskite photovoltaics. This Perspective highlights how stability evolves with thermal cycling, emphasizing the need for adequate protocols and a deeper understanding of the material and interface changes.

Organic−inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells possess high efficiency and low processing cost but suffer poor stability. Here Gao et al. review the recent progress on the 2D–3D mixed perovskites and suggest that greatly improved stability can be achieved without compromising the efficiency.

Combining low-dimensional and 3D perovskites is a promising approach to achieve stable and efficient solar cells. In this Review, we discuss the structural, optical and photophysical properties of low-dimensional perovskites, compare the stability and efficiency of 2D and 3D perovskite devices, and consider 2D/3D composites as a strategy to increase the stability of perovskite solar cells.

This Review examines the development of neuromorphic hardware systems based on halide perovskites, considering how devices based on these materials can serve as synapses and neurons, and can be used in neuromorphic computing networks.

A summary of recent advances in the near-infrared light-emitting diodes that are fabricated by solution-processed means, with coverage of devices based on organic semiconductors, halide perovskites and colloidal quantum dots.

Reliability of stability data for perovskite solar cells is undermined by a lack of consistency in the test conditions and reporting. This Consensus Statement outlines practices for testing and reporting stability tailoring ISOS protocols for perovskite devices.

Integrating perovskite photovoltaics with other systems can substantially improve their performance. This Review discusses various integrated perovskite devices for applications including tandem solar cells, buildings, space applications, energy storage, and cell-driven catalysis.