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Loiasis poses significant treatment challenges, particularly in regions where onchocerciasis is hypoendemic and coendemic. Here, the authors demonstrate that a 5-day levamisole regimen is safe and more effective than shorter treatments in reducing Loa loa microfilarial densities, offering an alternative approach for managing loiasis in affected areas.

A structural and functional analysis of the systems involved in oligosaccharide uptake in gut Bacteroidetes describes multicomponent complexes termed utilisomes that include pre-processing and transport subunits.

GABAB receptors contribute to complex inhibition that regulates cortical neurons in a translationally relevant manner over adult life. Here, authors show stronger presynaptic inhibition in humans than rats, and a role for GABAB receptors in the anti-seizure profile of levetiracetam.

Jeppesen, Sanchez et al. identify blebbisomes as large membrane-enclosed vesicles containing organelles and secreted by cells. Blebbisomes can both secrete and internalize exosomes and microvesicles.

Prosthetic joint infection is a severe complication of arthroplasties, requiring effective prevention and osteoinduction strategies. Here, a bilayer coating system with antibiotics for infection prevention and dipyridamole for osteointegration showed significant infection reduction and enhanced bone mineralization.

Genetic alteration can render tumor cells resistant to immune cell-mediated killing. Here based on a genome-wide CRISPR screening, the authors show that expression of CHMP2A confers tumor cell resistance to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, mechanistically involving CHMP2A-dependent regulation of extracellular vesicle secretion.

This protocol isolates large and small extracellular vesicles, as well as nonvesicular nanoparticles known as exomeres and supermeres, from cell-conditioned medium or human plasma via differential ultracentrifugation, filtration, concentration and high-resolution density-gradient fractionation.

Here, the authors show that IRX3 is a transcriptional master regulator of multiple histone- and chromatin-remodeling enzymes and the SUMOylation pathway in adipocyte precursor cells. IRX3 ablation results in a SUMOylation-dependent switch from adipogenic to osteogenic identity.

Valyl-tRNA synthetase (VARS) charges valyl-tRNA with the amino acid valine, required for translation. Here, the authors describe a progressive epileptic encephalopathy in individuals from five families carrying biallelic mutations in the VARS gene that leave the enzyme activity partially intact.

A metagenomic phage display library from healthy human fecal samples with carbohydrate binding screens identifies protein sequences of novel carbohydrate binding domains and their folds with AlphaFold2 predictions.

Melioidosis and glanders are multifaceted infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. Here, the authors synthesize a series of oligosaccharides that mimic the lipopolysaccharides present on the pathogens’ surface and use them to develop novel glycoconjugates for vaccine development.

Flowers have antagonistic demands for reproductive success, that is, pollinator attraction and flower protection. Here, the authors report that the weather-dependent tropism of flower pedicels functions to satisfy the antagonistic reproductive demands.

The antimicrobial resistance crisis calls for development of new classes of antibiotics. Here, authors use genome mining approach to discover a distinct family of ribosome-targeting proline rich antimicrobial peptides.

The efficacy of CAR-T cells against solid tumors is still limited by immunosuppressive factors. Here, the authors show that engineering of CAR T cells with A1R enhances their efficacy against solid tumors in vitro and in vivo.

Acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors limits therapeutic success in non-small-cell lung cancer, however, the underpinning immune parameters are largely unknown. Here authors distinguish resistance types based on immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint molecule and cytokine expression level, using paired samples from patients in the sensitive and in the resistant disease phase.

In a previous clinical trial, the authors reported that SCFA-yielding biotherapy in adults with type 1 diabetes remodels the gut proteome and metabolome. Here, the show that colonization of the post-therapy microbiome into mice delayed diabetes and increased aryl-hydrocarbon receptor ligand and IgA production in the gut.

CPEB4 binds the mRNA of genes known to be associated with autism and shows an isoform imbalance in individuals with autism, and an equivalent imbalance in mice induces an autism-like phenotype.

The involvement of cell death pathways in the early stage of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development, especially KRAS-dependent acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), remains to be investigated. Here, the authors find that TAK1 mediates cell survival during ADM transdifferentiation through suppression of apoptosis and necroptosis, which could be targeted for prevention and treatment of PDAC.

Structural and biochemical analysis reveal that tetracenomycin X acts as an inhibitor of protein synthesis by binding within the exit tunnel in a large ribosomal unit to prevent the prolongation of the nascent polypeptide chain.

Inborn errors of the alternative NF-κB pathway in humans impair the development of AIRE-expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells, thereby underlying the production of autoantibodies against type I IFNs and predisposition to viral diseases

An active-template approach has been used to prepare π-conjugated interlocked nanocarbons derived from [n]cycloparaphenylenes. A metal ion bound within the central cavity of a precursor macrocycle first catalyses cross-coupling reactions and then the resulting mechanically interlocked intermediates are further transformed into π-conjugated species—[2] and [3]catenanes as well as a conjugated [3]rotaxane.

CCR5 is a co-receptor for many transmitted HIV strains. Here, the authors show that biweekly injection of the CCR5-specific antibody Leronlimab protects rhesus macaques against infection following repeated intrarectal challenges of a CCR5-tropic SHIV.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 infection results from increased serum levels of TGFβ, which impairs the reactivation of virus-specific T cells.

In compounds containing 4f and 5f elements, hidden-order phases exist which are undetectable by many methods, the origins of which are debated. Here, the authors use photoemission and neutron scattering methods to show how such a multipolar-ordered phase emerges due to Fermi surface instability in CeB₆.

To date, patients still succumb to cancer, due to tumors not responding to therapy or ultimately acquiring resistance. Here the authors show that by exploiting patient derived organoids and a treatment-naïve patient derived xenograft, patient therapy can be personalized.

A novel personalized phage therapy strategy that selects phages for a predicted evolutionary trade-off may represent a viable alternative approach for the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections.

The role of germline variation in human cancers is not fully understood. Here, the authors define the landscape of putative deleterious germline variants that abrogate tumor suppressor proteins in advanced urothelial cancer patients.

Mitsuokella jalaludinii and Anaerostipes rhamnosivorans degrade dietary phytate via synergistic interactions in the gut to produce the beneficial short-chain fatty acid propionate.

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare and fatal disease with a heterogeneous treatment response. Here the authors show that unsupervised machine learning of whole blood transcriptomes from 359 patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension identifies 3 subgroups (endophenotypes) that improve risk stratification and provide new molecular insights.