Controlling the positioning of spheroids in 3D during bioprinting is one of the main challenges hindering the scaffold-free fabrication of biologically-relevant tissues and organs. Here, the authors combine cutting edge aspiration-assisted freeform bioprinting of spheroids with self-healing yield-stress gels, obtaining precise positioning and self-assembly into 3D complex configurations.
- Bugra Ayan
- Nazmiye Celik
- Ibrahim T. Ozbolat