The immunomodulatory role of commensal gut fungi and interactions with bacteria remain unclear. Here, using germ-free mice colonized with defined species of bacteria and fungi, the authors find that fungal colonization induces changes in bacterial microbiome ecology while having an independent effect on innate and adaptive immunity in mice.
- Erik van Tilburg Bernardes
- Veronika Kuchařová Pettersen
- Marie-Claire Arrieta