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Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

In contrast with conventional views, ultra-large-scale atomistic simulations show that the staged character of strain hardening of metals originates from crystal rotation, whereas the dislocation behaviours remain the same across all the stages.

The predicted dissipative quantum phase transition in a Josephson junction coupled to resistive environment has been examined in recent experiments. In a heat transport experiment, Subero et al. show that the junction acts as an inductor at high frequencies, while DC charge transport confirms insulating behaviour.

Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy against NSCLC has been tested in clinical trials. Here, the authors follow up longer-term survival and measure immune cell phenotype changes in a single-arm phase II clinical trial of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy, indicating association of intratumoural TCR diversity and CD8 T cell positioning.

Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. Here, the authors find that dominant tree species are taller and have softer wood compared to rare species and that these trait differences are more strongly associated with temperature than water availability.

The authors demonstrate a chipless and wireless temperature tag using a biopolymer and printed zinc. Bio-based phase-change materials enable irreversible thermal detection, and the device fully disintegrates in compost, supporting transient electronics.

How reduced blood flow plays a role in progressive white matter loss during aging and associated cognitive decline is unclear. Here the authors show that selective constriction and rarefaction of capillary–venous networks contribute to age-related hypoperfusion and white matter damage in mice.

LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) is a non-canonical use of the autophagy machinery that can contribute to immune responses. Here, the authors describe the mechanism by which ROS production regulates LAPosome stabilization sustaining MHC II dependent antigen presentation.

Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer’s disease derived from individuals of European ancestry can show improved performance in multiancestry settings after incorporating genome-wide association summary statistics from diverse populations.

Krisai et al. compare brain structure and cognitive function in elderly patients with and without atrial fibrillation using brain MRI and cognitive testing. They find that atrial fibrillation is associated with more brain lesions and lower cognitive function, but the cognitive impairment occurs primarily through direct effects of the arrhythmia rather than through brain damage.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

Known genetic loci account for only a fraction of the genetic contribution to Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the authors have performed a large genome-wide meta-analysis comprising 409,435 individuals to discover 6 new loci and demonstrate the efficacy of an Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score.

Becher et al. perform a head-to-head comparison of multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) vaccine prime-boost combinations and analyze the ensuing humoral and cellular responses in a large randomized cohort.

Here the authors apply machine learning approaches to Alzheimer’s genetics, confirm known associations and suggest novel risk loci. These methods demonstrate predictive power comparable to traditional approaches, while also offering potential new insights beyond standard genetic analyses.

Analysis of ground-sourced and satellite-derived models reveals a global forest carbon potential of 226 Gt outside agricultural and urban lands, with a difference of only 12% across these modelling approaches.

Plasma extracellular vesicles contain quantifiable amounts of TDP-43 and full-length tau, allowing the accurate assessment of pathology in frontotemporal dementia, frontotemporal dementia spectrum disorders and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Wood density is an important plant trait. Data from 1.1 million forest inventory plots and 10,703 tree species show a latitudinal gradient in wood density, with temperature and soil moisture explaining variation at the global scale and disturbance also having a role at the local level.

Advances in the design and fabrication of superconducting devices enable physicists to design and monitor quantum electronic systems in synthetic environments. Here the authors observe how many-body effects influence the zero-point motion of a Josephson junction coupled to a high impedance transmission line.

Examining drivers of the latitudinal biodiversity gradient in a global database of local tree species richness, the authors show that co-limitation by multiple environmental and anthropogenic factors causes steeper increases in richness with latitude in tropical versus temperate and boreal zones.

The authors showcase a photonic tensor core in TFLN platform that achieves a computational speed of 120 GOPS for neural networks, with capabilities of in-situ training that support exciting prospects of negative number multiplication. The tensor core can efficiently process 112  × 112-pixel images, potentially scaling up AI tasks and offering nanosecond latency without needing a digital processor.

Detailed analysis of the structure–activity relationship for cyclin K degraders reveals diverse compounds that acquire glue activity through simultaneous binding to the CDK12 kinase pocket and engagement of several key DDB1 interfacial residues.

Using various mouse models, human plaque data and isolated B cells combined with state-of-the-art imaging and transcriptomic analysis, the authors show that the G-protein-coupled orphan receptor GPR55 regulates B cell activation and plasma cell differentiation during hypercholesterolemia, which crucially affects atherosclerosis.

A disturbed microbial network characterizes relapsing refractory Crohn’s disease and antedates disease recurrence after surgical removal of the active disease segment.

The incorporation of electron transport layers based on single-crystalline TiO₂ rhombohedral nanoparticles enables the realization of stable and efficient large-area perovskite solar cell modules.

Jarr and colleagues show that statins augment efferocytosis by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB1 p50 and suppressing the expression of the key ‘don’t-eat-me’ molecule CD47, which in part explains the pleiotropic effects of statins and provides a basis for future translational efforts.

It is unclear how unassembled secretory pathway proteins are discriminated from misfolded ones. Here the authors combine biophysical and cellular experiments to study the folding of heterodimeric interleukin 23 and describe how ER chaperones recognize unassembled proteins and aid their assembly into protein complexes while preventing the premature degradation of unassembled units.

Alternative stable states in forests have implications for the biosphere. Here, the authors combine forest biodiversity observations and simulations revealing that leaf types across temperate regions of the NH follow a bimodal distribution suggesting signatures of alternative forest states.

It remains unclear how myelin is targeted specifically to axons while sparing neuronal cell bodies and dendrites, or how small gaps, the nodes of Ranvier, are left unmyelinated along the axon. In this study, authors used genetic analyses in zebrafish and mice to demonstrate that molecules of the paranodal axo-glial junction act jointly with molecules of the internodal domain to regulate axonal interactions and myelin wrapping, and that in the combined absence of these molecules myelin sheaths are misplaced.

Swarm Learning is a decentralized machine learning approach that outperforms classifiers developed at individual sites for COVID-19 and other diseases while preserving confidentiality and privacy.

In hepatocellular carcinoma driven by non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, aberrant T cell activation and impaired immune surveillance seem to make hepatocellular carcinoma less responsive to anti-PD1 or anti-PDL1 immunotherapy.

Microbes were thought to be the dominant reef constructors following the end-Permian mass extinction. Sponge–microbe reef deposits formed in the Early Triassic from the western United States suggest that instead, metazoan-reef building continued immediately following the extinction wherever marine conditions allowed.

The segregation of elements in superalloys is known to influence their mechanical properties. Here, atomic-scale imaging and theoretical calculations reveal a mechanism by which segregation causes a yield strength anomaly, strengthening the superalloy.

A study reports on the observation of a new type of molecular bond between an ion and a Rydberg atom and characterizes the resulting molecule using an ion microscope study.

Integrating inventory data with machine learning models reveals the global composition of tree types—needle-leaved evergreen individuals dominate, followed by broadleaved evergreen and deciduous trees—and climate change risks.

The recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction was slow and prolonged. A temperature reconstruction shows that further biotic crises during the recovery were associated with extreme warmth.

The HIV reservoir is a major hurdle for a cure of HIV, but the factors determining its size and dynamics remain unclear. Here the authors show in a large cohort of 610 HIV-1 infected individuals, who are on suppressive ART for a median of 5.4 years, that viral genetic factors contribute substantially to the HIV-1 reservoir size.

Here, Bachmann et al. provide data on long-term dynamics of the HIV-1 reservoir in 1,057 individuals on suppressive antiretroviral therapy and show that in 26.6% of individuals the reservoir increases. Viral blips and low-level viremia are significantly associated with a slower reservoir decay.

RNA sequencing data and tumour pathology observations of non-small-cell lung cancers indicate that the immune cell microenvironment exerts strong evolutionary selection pressures that shape the immune-evasion capacity of tumours.

Analysis of whole-genome doubling (WGD) by using cancer sequencing data combined with simulations of tumor evolution suggests that there is negative selection against homozygous loss of essential genes before WGD but not after.

Plants are sensitive to temperature changes. Now, researchers have found an alternative splicing factor that is essential for the development of Arabidopsis under low temperature, and bridges between alternative splicing and temperature sensitivity.

Triggering and sustaining fusion reactions — with the goal of overall energy production — in a tokamak plasma requires efficient heating. Radio-frequency heating of a three-ion plasma is now experimentally shown to be a potentially viable technique.

Jones et al. examine the generalizability of the valence–dominance model of social judgements of faces in 41 countries across 11 world regions. They find evidence of both generalizability and variation, depending on the analytical method.

A gap persists between the emissions reductions pledged by countries under the Paris Agreement and those resulting from their domestic policies. We argue that this gap in fact contains two parts: one in the policies that countries adopt, and the other in the outcomes that those policies achieve.