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Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. Here, the authors find that dominant tree species are taller and have softer wood compared to rare species and that these trait differences are more strongly associated with temperature than water availability.

A robust and efficient dye-sensitized NiO bio-hybrid photocathode based on a redox polymer and [FeFe]- hydrogenase has been developed to couple with a BiVO₄ photoanode for water splitting without applied bias.

The authors investigate the impact of glycerol on the structure, density fluctuations, and hypothesized liquid-liquid phase transition of water using ultrafast X-ray scattering combined with rapid evaporative cooling, contributing to understanding the role of glycerol as a cryoprotectant.

In wildlife tagging, stress from capture and handling can alter post- release behavior and potentially study interpretations. This study of 42 mammal species shows that these effects diminish within 4–7 days, and quicker for animals in high human activity areas indicating adaptation to disturbance.

Full network nonlocality, which certifies nonclassical behaviour in all sources of quantum networks, has so far only been demonstrated in the simplest scenarios. Here, the authors reach a complete experimental demonstration in a complex network involving three-qubit joint measurements.

This study provides a structural and functional characterisation of the phage resistance system, BREX. Went et. al. provide structures of the methyltransferase component, PglX, and rationally mutate PglX to retarget BREX defence against new phages.

Analyses of 475 ancient horse genomes show modern horses emerged around 2200 bce, coinciding with sudden expansion across Eurasia, refuting the narrative of large horse herds accompanying earlier migrations of steppe peoples across Europe.

Bacteria have evolved proteinaceous microcompartments (BMCs) to control the passage of metabolites and facilitate catabolism in a micro-environment. Here, Yang et al. apply fluorescence microscopy to characterize the protein-protein interaction and assembly involved in the de novo biogenesis of propanediol-utilization (Pdu) metabolosomes and show that Pdu BMCs undergo a combination of ‘Shell first’ and ‘Cargo first’ assembly.

Integrating inventory data with machine learning models reveals the global composition of tree types—needle-leaved evergreen individuals dominate, followed by broadleaved evergreen and deciduous trees—and climate change risks.

Stepwise evolution of invasive Salmonella Typhimurium in Africa is defined using genotypic and phenotypic analyses of isolates collected over a 50-yr period.

Enteric pathogens such as Salmonella depend on propanediol-utilising microcompartments (Pdu MCP), which self-assemble from cytosolic proteins. Using mass spectrometry-based absolute quantification, the authors here define the protein stoichiometry and propose an organizational model of a Salmonella Pdu MCP.

Examining drivers of the latitudinal biodiversity gradient in a global database of local tree species richness, the authors show that co-limitation by multiple environmental and anthropogenic factors causes steeper increases in richness with latitude in tropical versus temperate and boreal zones.

The pathways that underlie the effects of exercise on metabolism remain incompletely described. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis of transcriptomic data from 66 published datasets of human skeletal muscle. They identify pathways selectively activated by inactivity, aerobic or resistance exercise, and characterize NR4A3 as one of the genes responsive to inactivity.

Alimonti and colleagues show that coordinated activation of the Akt/mTOR and MNK/eIF4E pathways rewires the prostate cancer translatome to secrete HGF, SPP1 and BGN and recruit suppressive myeloid cells, which can be therapeutically targeted.

The rotation curve of a galaxy reflects the galactic mass distribution. For the Milky Way, such observational data are incompatible with models based on baryonic matter alone, which could be due to the presence of dark matter in the inner Milky Way.

Loss of cell polarity is frequently observed in metastatic tumours. Mojallal et al.show that this loss is associated with expression of the scaffold protein AmotL2 in human tumours, and reveal that AmotL2 disrupts the transport of polarity complexes to the plasma membrane following its induction by hypoxia.

It has been unclear how round cells elongate during mouse embryo compaction. Plachta and colleagues use live imaging to demonstrate that E-cadherin-dependent filopodia extend to neighbouring cells to drive elongation and compaction.

Transcription factor diffusion along DNA regulates many fundamental cellular and developmental processes. Kaur et al. combine photoactivation and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to investigate transcription factor diffusion in mouse embryos and show that diffusion kinetics change during cell differentiation.

As part of the modENCODE initiative, which aims to characterize functional DNA elements in D. melanogaster and C. elegans, this study created a map of the regulatory part of the fruitfly genome. On the basis of the developmental dynamics of chromatin modifications, polymerase and transcription factor occupancy this work defines a vast array of putative regulatory elements, such as enhancers, promoters, insulators and silencers. This resource represents the first attempt at a comprehensive annotation of cis-regulatory elements in a metazoan genome.

A survey of genetic variation in Native American and Siberian populations reveals that Native Americans are descended from at least three streams of gene flow from Asia: after the initial peopling of the continent there was a southward expansion facilitated by the coast, with sequential population splits and little gene flow after divergence, especially in South America.

Three 1,000-year-old mycobacterial genomes from Peruvian human skeletons reveal that a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex derived from seals caused human disease before contact in the Americas.