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Methyl bromide (CH₃Br) is an important ozone-depleting substance whose use is regulated under the Montreal Protocol. However, the spatial-temporal patterns of China’s national CH₃Br emissions remain unclear. Here, the authors find that China’s top-down emission estimates exceed bottom-up estimates by 60%.

Machine-learned potentials are accurate but often lack broad applicability. Here, authors develop a general-purpose neuroevolution potential for 16 metals and their alloys, achieving efficient and accurate predictions of various physical properties.

Young, McInnes, Massey et al. systematically review published studies evaluating features associated with heterogenous treatment effects for SGLT2-inhibitor and GLP1-receptor agonist therapies in people with type 2 diabetes. They find limited current evidence on treatment effect heterogeneity, for glycaemic, cardiovascular and renal outcomes.

Field data from an iodine-rich, coastal environment point to the molecular steps involved in the formation of new aerosol particles from iodine vapours over coastal regions.

In patients with type 2 diabetes and at risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, the FREEDOM Cardiovascular Outcomes study showed that a continuous subcutaneous infusion of exenatide via an osmotic mini-pump was non-inferior compared to placebo in terms of cardiovascular safety outcomes.

Levels of five chlorofluorocarbons rose in the atmosphere from 2010 to 2020 despite their production being banned by the Montreal Protocol, probably arising as by-products of hydrofluorocarbon production, according to analysis of abundance and emissions data.

Polygenic scores derived from genome-wide association analyses of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and genetically correlated left ventricular traits effectively stratify risk of disease and adverse outcomes in the general population and across clinical cohorts.

In a pre-specified secondary analysis of the SELECT trial, once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg in patients with obesity was associated with a 22% reduction in the main 5-component kidney composite endpoint compared to patients on placebo.

Cardiovascular ageing is characterised by a progressive decline in function, which contributes to multi-morbidity. Here, the authors use machine learning to predict biological age and identify key genetic risk factors.

Warm and moist air-mass intrusions into the Arctic are more frequent than the past decades. Here, the authors show that warm air mass intrusions from northern Eurasia inject record amounts of aerosols into the central Arctic Ocean strongly impacting atmospheric chemistry and cloud properties.

Cardiovascular involvement is one of the many manifestations of rheumatic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) that increase mortality. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and inflammatory cardiomyopathies involves inflammatory pathways common with those operating and targeted in rheumatic IMIDs. Here, Maya Buch and colleagues discuss implications of these shared pathways for the prevention, detection and management of cardiovascular involvement in patients with rheumatic IMIDs, while highlighting complexities and open questions.

More than 80% of the US elderly population dies from coronary heart disease, but the benefits of statin therapy are not realized. These drugs are frequently underprescribed to elderly patients because few relevant age-specific data are available. This Review draws together the findings from major studies and assesses the value of statin use in the elderly.

There is limited real-world data evaluating outcomes of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) use in patients with moderate to advanced CKD. Here, emulating a clinical trial, the authors show that GLP1-RA use in patients with CKD is associated with lower rate of acute healthcare utilization, all-cause death and kidney events compared to DPP4i.

Condensation of biogenic vapours onto ultrafine aerosols leads to aerosol growth and an increase in the number of cloud condensation nuclei in the marine atmosphere, according to long-term aerosol mass spectrometry observations.

A genome-wide association study finds an inverse relationship between progression of coronary artery disease and retinal vasculature’s complexity measured as fractal dimension, and validates a predictive model for myocardial infarction.

The ferric uptake regulator, Fur, is involved in the transcriptional regulation of iron metabolism. Here the authors show that Fur exhibits genome-wide regulatory effects in Escherichia colithat control many fundamental cellular processes linked to iron metabolism.

GadEWX regulons play a critical role in transcription regulation in response to acid stress. By reconstructing genome-wide GadEWX transcriptional network, here the authors show how GadEWX simultaneously coordinates many other cellular processes to produce the overall response of E. colito acid stress.

International agreements have been implemented to reduce emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) to reduce their radiative forcing. Even though reported HFC-23 emissions are at a historical low, observations indicate that emissions have actually increased over recent years to higher levels than previously.

Genomic and phenomic screens of 827 wheat landraces from the A. E. Watkins collection provide insight into the wheat population genetic background, unlocking many agronomic traits and revealing haplotypes that could potentially be used to improve modern wheat cultivars.

Atmospheric measurements show that China’s emissions of the potent greenhouse gas, sulfur hexafluoride, grew rapidly between 2011 and 2021. This rise could offset some of China’s progress towards its greenhouse gas emission reduction goal.

Observations of methyl chloroform combined with an atmospheric transport model predict a Northern to Southern Hemisphere hydroxyl ratio of slightly less than 1, whereas commonly used atmospheric chemistry models predict ratios 15–45% higher.

Atmospheric data and chemical-transport modelling show that CFC-11 emissions from eastern China have again decreased, after increasing in 2013–2017, and a delay in ozone-layer recovery has probably been avoided.

Zhang et al. report a prospective single-arm pilot study of adherence and outcomes of early cardio-oncology intervention. Most patients included in cardio-oncology consultations received cardiovascular medication recommendations and had a positive perspective related to learning about heart health in cancer treatment.

Dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂) is an unregulated ozone depleting substance whose emissions have strongly increased in recent years. Here, the authors show that rising emissions of dichloromethane in China between 2011 and 2019 can explain much of this global increase.

Atmospheric levels of chloroform increased after 2010, as a result of emissions in eastern China, according to analyses of measurements and inverse modelling.

Very small aerosols from sea spray make up a larger proportion of cloud condensation nuclei than previously recognized, according to an analysis of five years of aerosol ground-based measurement data from over the Atlantic Ocean.

Here, the authors discuss the beneficial effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for a range of clinical outcomes beyond glucose lowering, including kidney and cardiovascular protection. They also discuss the need for implementation and adherence initiatives to help translate the benefits of these agents into real-world clinical outcomes.

Biological computation is becoming a viable and fast-growing alternative to traditional electronic computing. Here the authors present Trumpet, which uses DNA and enzymes to build logic gate circuits with amplified fluorescent readout.