Thioredoxins (Trxs) reduce disulfide bonds via a Michaelis-Menten mechanism. Upon substrate stretching at high forces, an SN2 reaction can be used by bacterial Trxs. A third mechanism, single-electron transfer, is now revealed in Trxs of either bacterial or eukaryotic origin, and is correlated with the depth of the Trx substrate-binding groove.
- Raul Perez-Jimenez
- Jingyuan Li
- Julio M Fernandez
