Extraosseous calcifications are highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease. Several pathological mechanisms of extraosseous calcification have been identified, which might serve as therapeutic targets. The authors of this Review describe some of the processes involved in calcification, including the role of calciprotein particles, osteogenic transdifferentiation and vitamin K. They also discuss promising agents for the treatment of extraosseous calcification and present some of the questions that remain.
- Markus Ketteler
- Hansjörg Rothe
- Georg Schlieper
