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Aging dynamics of complex lipids are incompletely understood. Here Janssens and colleagues describe lipids that change with age across ten tissues in mice. Notably, bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate accumulated with age. This lipid also accumulated in muscle of older humans, and reduced upon a short bout of exercise.

Genes encoding key epigenetic regulators, including Lysine Demethylase 6A (KDM6A), are frequently mutated in bladder cancer. Here, the authors show that loss of KDM6A promotes formation of extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA), genomic instability, and metabolic reprogramming, driving resistance to cisplatin chemotherapy while simultaneously enhancing sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

The authors perform meta-analysis of GWAS studies for asthma from multiancestral cohorts. They identify five new loci and find that the asthma-associated loci are enriched near enhancer marks in immune cells.

A large-scale mouse study reveals that while existing epigenomic data detect many developmental enhancers, a substantial fraction is missed - highlighting the need for expanded resources to fully annotate enhancers genome-wide.

Insights into regulatory T cell biology are accelerating therapeutic innovation in cancer immunotherapy, autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection.

The study shows how ship traffic in the Baltic Sea modifies seafloor morphology and disrupts water layers, thereby increasing the mixing of oxygen, nutrients and greenhouse gases, suggesting broad impacts on Baltic marine ecosystems.

Neural crest cells have been implicated in heart development, yet the mechanisms by which they act have remained elusive. Here, the authors show neural crest cells modulate Wnt signalling in cardiac progenitors, providing new insight into the mechanisms underpinning congenital heart defects.

Tunable moiré WSe₂ bilayers realize Hubbard-model physics, exhibiting antiferromagnetism, strange metals and superconducting domes, offering a controllable platform to study high-transition-temperature superconductivity.

Compiling data on floral introductions and European colonial history of regions worldwide, the authors find that compositional similarity of floras is higher than expected among regions once occupied by the same empire and similarity increases with the length of time the region was occupied by that empire.

With rich, multi-layered baseline data and long-term follow-up through linkage, the HELIOS Study provides a resource to investigate the behavioural, environmental, genomic, and molecular factors impacting health in Asian populations.

3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3HP) is a top Department of Energy value-added chemical and precursor to bioplastics, yet cost-effective microbial bioproduction remains elusive. Here the authors establish efficient 3HP production in an acid tolerant yeast and validate its financially viability.

Soil microbial populations bloom and then die-off in ecosystems with seasonal snowpack. This study showed that distinct taxa utilize different N sources for growth or energy during the microbial bloom and alter the fate of N after snowmelt.

De novo and inherited dominant variants in genes encoding U4 and U6 small nuclear RNAs are identified in individuals with retinitis pigmentosa. The variants cluster at nucleotide positions distinct from those implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Li et al. reveal projection neuron-type-specific dynamics that coordinate corticothalamic communication during reach-to-consume behavior in mice.

This study shows how the bacterial retron Eco2 defends against viruses. Phage nucleases trigger activation of Eco2, which cuts RNAs, shuts down protein production and stops phage replication.

This study describes the integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes, profiled for histone modification patterns, DNA accessibility, DNA methylation and RNA expression; the results annotate candidate regulatory elements in diverse tissues and cell types, their candidate regulators, and the set of human traits for which they show genetic variant enrichment, providing a resource for interpreting the molecular basis of human disease.

A systematic review including 574 studies extracts information about transmissibility, epidemiological delays and outbreaks for Zika virus disease at global scale.

Colloidal suspensions are known to display a glass transition. Now, insights into this transition, via its effect on the solvent, are gained by probing the correlated motion of tracer particles in such systems.

Kathiriya et al. identify a cardiac progenitor lineage with expression of Tbx5 and anterior heart field-specific expression of Mef2c that bisects the intraventricular septum during development and show that alterations in this lineage lead to congenital heart defects in mice.

Npm1 promotes tumor formation via attenuating the integrated stress response and p53 activation in mouse WNT-driven intestinal and liver tumorigenesis.

Wei et al. perform spatial transcriptomic profiling on synovial tissue biopsy samples from individuals with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis, finding TGFβ signaling and fibrogenic fibroblast activation drive a treatment-refractory tissue phenotype.

The authors report suspended Lamb-wave resonators using sub-100 nm ultrathin lithium niobate, achieving resonant frequencies of nearly 220 GHz-doubling prior records and holding exciting prospects for terahertz nanomechanics.

In this Review, Laurette and Gilsbach summarize the current knowledge on the cardiac epigenome, including the dynamic changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and chromatin accessibility in cardiomyocytes during development and disease. They also describe the interplay between cell type-specific mechanisms and discuss the translational potential of targeting epigenetic mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of cardiac diseases.

Quiescent populations are a likely key source of treatment resistance in glioblastoma. Here, the authors characterize KAT5 as a critical mediator of quiescence and adoption of progenitor-like states.

Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

Fine-mapping of causal variants and integration of epigenetic and chromatin conformation data identify likely target genes for 150 breast cancer risk regions.

In the C. elegans germline, distal niche cells provide a Notch signal to promote stem cell proliferation. Martel et al. show here that distal basement membrane type IV collagen contents positively influence the transmission of this niche signal.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

This overview of the ENCODE project outlines the data accumulated so far, revealing that 80% of the human genome now has at least one biochemical function assigned to it; the newly identified functional elements should aid the interpretation of results of genome-wide association studies, as many correspond to sites of association with human disease.

The origin of the nematic state in the kagome metal CsTi₃Bi₅ remains unclear. Here, using polarization-dependent angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio based field theoretical methods, the authors propose a d-wave nematic order driven by electronic correlations via an orbital-selective mechanism.

Here, the authors report an exome-wide association study for multi-organ imaging traits by leveraging recent bioinformatic tools such as AlphaMissense. The identified signals elucidate the genetic effects from rare variants on human organs and their connections to complex diseases

Comprehensive integration of gene expression with epigenetic features is needed to understand the transition of kidney cells from health to injury. Here, the authors integrate dual single nucleus RNA expression and chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and histone modifications to decipher the chromatin landscape of the kidney in reference and adaptive injury cell states, identifying a transcription factor network of ELF3, KLF6, and KLF10 which regulates adaptive repair and maladaptive failed repair.

Here the authors conduct a multi-ancestry meta-analysis of telomere length, used diverse approaches to identify genes underlying association signals, and experimentally validated POP5 and KBTBD6 as regulators of telomere length in human cells.

Multiancestry genome-wide association analyses identify new risk loci for stroke and stroke subtypes. Fine mapping and bioinformatics analyses of these risk loci point to mechanisms not previously implicated in stroke pathophysiology.

Collateral-sensitivity-based drug cycling effectively prevents and impedes the evolution of antifungal drug resistance in Candida auris.

Shen et al. report a method for multiplexing isogenic iPSCs for single-cell RNA-seq. With it, they created an atlas of in vitro differentiation and identified TMEM88 as a regulator of cardiovascular development, impacting blood pressure in adult mice.

In tumours aberrant epigenetic modifications can alter the transcriptional state. Here, the authors identify a common tumour-specific shift to transcriptional repression associated with DNA methylation and chromatin dysregulation at the transcription start site.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Our understanding of the phase diagram of twisted graphene structures is incomplete. Now, twisted trilayer graphene is examined using a technique that locally images quantum oscillations and shows that a nematic semimetal is favoured at low density.

How the epigenomic landscape linked to transcription regulates human embryonic development is unclear. Here, the authors analyse the dynamics of H3K27Ac, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 during the period when organs first assemble as a platform for understanding noncoding developmental disorders.

As quantum simulations advance, improving classical methods for modelling quantum systems remains crucial as they provide key benchmarks for quantum simulators. Here the authors present a scalable tensor-network algorithm for simulating open quantum systems, addressing key limitations of existing approaches.

Conducting a simulated turtlegrass herbivory experiment across 650 experimental plots and 13 seagrass meadows, the authors show that the negative effects of herbivory increase with latitude, driven by low levels of light insolation at high latitudes.

Current approaches to detect allograft damages non-invasively are limited and do not differentiate between cellular mechanisms. Here, the authors show that the composition of cell-free DNA in blood samples can reveal cellular causes of allograft injury after liver transplant.

Cellular state cooccurrence signatures, such as carcinoma ecotypes may serve as potential biomarkers of response to cancer immunotherapy, however, their clinical utility remains unexplored. Here, the authors analyse large real world immunotherapy cohorts and gene expression data and develop a predictive model for response.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy offers great promise for liquid analysis but suffers from complex data interpretation. Here, the authors present a physics-based and AI-assisted model linking ion-specific properties to enable reliable ion detection and quantification.

The limited proliferative capacity of erythroid precursors complicates the production of red blood cells for clinical purposes in vitro. Here, the authors show that erythroid proliferative capacity can be vastly increased by BMI1 overexpression, which regulates erythroid self-renewal through both gene repression and activation.

Epigenetic alterations alter chromatin structure and gene expression and are known contributors to cancer development. Here, Muratani et al.profile multiple epigenetic chromatin marks in primary gastric cancers and identify hundreds of altered promoters and enhancers that drive the gene expression program in these malignancies.

Genome-wide association analyses leveraging Nordic biobanks with longitudinal health registries identify differences in the genetic architectures of early-onset and late-onset major depressive disorder and in their genetic correlations with related traits.