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Retarder arrays enable advanced photonic applications but are limited by controllable flexibility. Here, authors demonstrate a compound modulator that creates synthetic tuneable retarder arrays, offering unprecedented dynamic control of light, enabling new beam generation, analysis, and correction.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Coastal systems have enormous carbon-sequestering potential, but any positive climate effects can be countered by methane emissions. Here the authors use sea level rise manipulation mesocosms in tidal wetlands to show that shifts in plant community composition have the greatest effect on methane emissions.

Existing datasets of nitrogen (N) balance in agriculture are often discrepant. Comparing 13 of them regarding five metrics (fertilizer application, manure application, biological N fixation, atmospheric deposition, and N harvested as crop products) over 1961–2015 reveals why. Recommendations for improving N quantification and an N budget benchmark dataset are also proposed.

A tethered macrocyclic peptide antibiotic class described here—which shows potent antibacterial activity against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii—blocks the transport of bacterial lipopolysaccharide from the inner membrane to its destination on the outer membrane through inhibition of the LptB₂FGC complex.

Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins regulate gene expression and genome architecture. Using super-resolution microscopy and molecular simulations, Waniet al. describe the organization of PcG proteins into hundreds of nano-scale protein clusters and suggest these clusters shape genome architecture.

EmbryoNet is an automated approach to the phenotyping of developing embryos that surpasses experts in terms of speed, accuracy and sensitivity. A large annotated image dataset of zebrafish, medaka and stickleback development rounds out this resource.

Here, the authors utilise cefiderocol, a sideromycin, in complex with colloidal bismuth citrate, to demonstrate antimicrobial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vivo.

Post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (PI-ME/CFS) is a disabling disorder, yet the clinical phenotype is poorly defined and the pathophysiology unknown. Here, the authors conduct deep phenotyping of a cohort of PI-ME/CFS patients.

Self-healing in structurally ordered materials is restricted by slow interfacial mass transport and the need for ideal physical alignment. Here the authors show self-healing in an anilinium bromide crystals achieving up to 95% recovery through ferroelastic detwinning.

A study reports the development of a structural derivative of amphotericin B with broad antifungal activity in mice but without the renal toxicity associated with amphotericin B.

A study realizes a photonic emulator to probe the temporal evolution of light in a non-Hermitian system, and reports the observation of chiral state transfer without encircling an exceptional point.

FRAP analysis often relies on simplified assumptions that can affect measurement accuracy. Here the authors present a Python-based FRAP analysis software using simulations instead of simplified theoretical models to fit the data, which accounts for complex sample geometries and bleach conditions.

Self-healing crystals are an emerging class of materials that are highly responsive to dynamic stimuli. This Perspective gives an overview of the field since its inception, highlights current design principles, and discusses the methodologies used to characterize healed crystals.

Triple combinations of carbapenem, penicillin and β-lactamase inhibitor antibiotic classes are synergistic against MRSA through a mechanism involving allostery-based synergy and collateral sensitivity and can thus be applied at doses that lead to less resistance.

New mutations and genes associated with malformations of cortical development keep being identified, yet there is little known about the underlying cellular mechanisms controlling these impairments. Here, authors generate and characterize a heterozygous TUBG1 knock-in mouse model bearing one of these known mutations and show that TUBG1 mutation leads to the miss-positioning of neurons in the cortical wall due to migration, because of defective microtubules dynamics, and not proliferation defects during corticogenesis.

A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.

A deep learning-based method that uses microscopy images to stage embryos and analyze developmental time.

We quantify mitochondrial DNA copy number and heteroplasmy levels and study their association with nuclear genetic loci in population-scale biobanks.

Computational search identifies dynobactin A which is a systemically active, natural-product peptide antibiotic that kills Gram-negative bacteria.

Immunostimulatory antibodies have strong potential as anti-cancer therapeutics. Here Elliott et al. show that conformational rigidity determines agonistic activity of antibodies targeting CD40 and 4-1BB and demonstrate further enhancement of agonism through disulfide engineering.

Plasmodium vivax poses a unique challenge for malaria elimination worldwide. Here, White et al. develop an individual-based mathematical model of P. vivax transmission and evaluate intervention strategies in Papua New Guinea.

This study systematically profiles the activity of several classes of antibiotics on gut commensal bacteria and identifies drugs that mitigate their collateral damage on commensal bacteria without compromising their efficacy against pathogens.

A massively parallel assay developed to map the essential photosynthetic enzyme rubisco showed that non-trivial biochemical changes and improvements in CO₂ affinity are possible, signposting further enzyme engineering efforts to increase crop yields.

The transcription factor FOXO1 has a key role in human T cell memory, and manipulating FOXO1 expression could provide a way to enhance CAR T cell therapies by increasing CAR T cell persistence and antitumour activity.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of allotetraploid Coffea arabica and representatives of its diploid progenitors, Coffea eugenioides and Coffea canephora, provide insights into Arabica’s diversification history.

Investigation of variation in three cohorts has identified multiple genetic signals associated with the pregnancy-specific liver disorder, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, giving insight into the disease which can cause preterm birth and stillbirth.

This Consensus Statement discusses common misunderstandings about photodetector performance characterization and reporting, and offers recommendations for standardized practices.

A disturbed microbial network characterizes relapsing refractory Crohn’s disease and antedates disease recurrence after surgical removal of the active disease segment.

High-throughput screening identifies an inhibitor of the interaction between α- and β-subunits of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) tryptophan synthase, TrpAB, that allows for defining TrpAB as essential for Mtb infection, independent of a T cell response.

Many patients fail to respond to T cell based immunotherapies. Here, the authors, through a high-throughput screening, identify HSP90 inhibitors as a class of preferred drugs for treatment combination with immunotherapy.

This study, together with a companion manuscript, show that, in mice, weight loss as a result of GIP receptor antagonism requires, and potentiates, functional GLP-1 receptor signalling in the brain, explaining how both GIP receptor agonists and antagonists trigger weight loss through different mechanisms.

Multiple models have been proposed for how diffusion is regulated to shape morphogen gradients. Here they use single molecule tracking of an activator-inhibitor signaling pair in a developing tissue to show how effective diffusivity is modulated in the extracellular space.

The neural mechanisms underpinning ketamine’s dissociative and antidepressant effects remain poorly understood. Here, the authors analyzed ketamine-induced brain dynamics with intracranial recordings in humans and found that ketamine engages different brain areas in distinct frequency-dependent patterns that may relate to its dissociative and antidepressant effects.

This overview of the ENCODE project outlines the data accumulated so far, revealing that 80% of the human genome now has at least one biochemical function assigned to it; the newly identified functional elements should aid the interpretation of results of genome-wide association studies, as many correspond to sites of association with human disease.

The Human Microbiome Project Consortium has established a population-scale framework to study a variety of microbial communities that exist throughout the human body, enabling the generation of a range of quality-controlled data as well as community resources.

Although progress in the coverage of routine measles vaccination in children in low- and middle-income countries was made during 2000–2019, many countries remain far from the goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019.

The biosynthetic pathway leading to the production of cystobactamids, a group of myxobacteria-derived topoisomerase inhibitors with potent anti-Gram-negative activity, remains unclear. Here, the authors report in vivo and in vitro evidence for unique steps in cystobactamid biosynthesis.

Recent evidence has questioned the dogma of strict maternal transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in humans. Wei et al. saw no evidence of paternal transmission of mtDNA in 11,035 human trios, and show that nuclear-mitochondrial segments (NUMTs) can give the impression of paternal mtDNA transmission, but are actually inherited through the nuclear genome.

A genome-wide association study involving lung cancer finds that genetic sequences in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene cluster contribute to susceptibility. This paper finds that alleles present in a cluster of nicotinic acid receptor genes affect smoking quantity in European samples, and are therefore also associated with risk of lung cancer and peripheral arterial disease.

Emelia Benjamin and colleagues report a meta-analysis of genome-wide association study data for atrial fibrillation, a condition associated with stroke and heart failure, in five European community-based cohorts of the CHARGE consortium. They report an association in ZFHX3 to atrial fibrillation, with replication in an independent cohort from the German AF Network.