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The tumour microenvironment (TME) may change in response to cancer treatments such as KRAS G12C inhibition, with potential implications for combination therapies. Here, the authors provide an antibody panel and workflow for analysing the TME with imaging mass cytometry in pre-clinical mouse models.

Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of young and old mouse brains following heterochronic parabiosis shows regulation of several canonical hallmarks of aging by a shift in age-induced changes of the transcriptome in a cell-type-specific manner.

Paul Thompson and colleagues report a genome-wide association study for hippocampal, intracranial and total brain volume. They identify a locus at 12q24 associated with hippocampal volume and a locus at 12q14 associated with intracranial volume.

A robust, cost-effective technique based on whole-exome sequencing data can be used to characterize immune infiltrates, relate the extent of these infiltrates to somatic changes in tumours, and enables prediction of tumour responses to immune checkpoint inhibition therapy.

Scott Jackson, Jeremy Schmutz, Phillip McClean and colleagues report the genome sequence of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and resequenced wild individuals and landraces from Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools, showing that common bean underwent two independent domestications.

A high-resolution local palaeoclimatic archive is correlated to the early Holocene human behavioural record at the British Mesolithic site of Star Carr. Despite environmental stresses at this time, intensive human activity persisted over centuries, suggesting resilience to climate change.

A large meta-analysis combining genome-wide and custom high-density genotyping array data identifies 63 new susceptibility loci for prostate cancer, enhancing fine-mapping efforts and providing insights into the underlying biology.

A survey of T cell repertoire evolution in the tumors, healthy tissue and blood of patients with early-stage untreated lung cancer offers an opportunity to monitor and identify neoantigen-specific T cells for personalized immunotherapy.

The One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining green plant evolution that comprises the transcriptomes and genomes of diverse species of green plants.

DNA templating is a useful strategy to control the positioning and aggregation of molecular dyes on a sub-nanometer scale, but sub-angstrom control is desirable for the precise tailoring of excitonic properties. Here, the authors show that templating squaraine dyes functionalized with rotaxane rings promotes an elusive oblique packing arrangement and extended excited-state lifetimes.

Rosalind Eeles and colleagues report meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for prostate cancer and genotyping on the custom iCOGS array in 25,074 cases and 24,272 controls from 32 studies available in the PRACTICAL Consortium. They identify 23 new prostate cancer susceptibility loci, 20 of which are associated with both aggressive and non-aggressive disease.

Genome wide association studies have identified multiple loci associated with risk of developing prostate cancer but the functional significance of many of these are unknown. Here, after generating models to predict methylation, the authors identify CpG methylation sites associated with prostate cancer.

A two-dimensional dipolar XY model with a continuous spin-rotational symmetry is realized using a programmable Rydberg quantum simulator, complementing recent studies using the Rydberg-blockade mechanism to realize Ising-type interactions showing discrete spin rotation symmetry.

The cellular mechanisms whereby stressful life experiences cause biological damage and increase disease risk remain poorly understood. Here, Picard et al. expand upon the metabolic aspects of this process. They propose that mitochondrial allostatic load could underpin the deleterious structural and functional changes that mitochondria undergo in response to elevated glucose levels and stress-related pathophysiology.

Genome-wide association studies are used to identify common genetic variants that affect the structure of selected subcortical regions of the human brain; their identification provides insight into the causes of variability in brain development and may help to determine mechanisms of neuropsychiatric dysfunction.

Developing skeletal muscle fibers are intrinsically pre-patterned prior to motor neuron innervation. Chen and colleagues show that a functional skeletal muscle dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) is required for muscle pre-patterning during neuromuscular junction development. DHPR is an L-type calcium channel and its regulation of muscle pre-patterning requires calcium influx.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for cognitive ability identifies 190 new loci and implicates 939 new genes related to neurogenesis, neuron differentiation and synaptic structure.

Yuan and colleagues developed an artificial intelligence-based method to derive growth patterns and morphological features from hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of lung adenocarcinoma samples, for improved tumor grading and patient prognostication.

TRACERx Lung: Intratumoral transcriptional heterogeneity, which often hinders the development of clinically useful RNA-expression-biased biomarkers for cancer, can now be overcome with an approach for the identification of clonal expression biomarkers.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of genomic risk regions for prostate cancer. Here, the authors perform a transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) by incorporating prostate cancer GWAS with gene expression data to identify potential novel prostate cancer risk loci and possible risk mechanisms.

Sequencing of Medicago truncatula, a model organism of legume biology, shows that genome duplications had a role in the evolution of endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation.

This Review provides a framework for understanding how ambient temperature affects metabolic, immune and cardiovascular phenotypes in mice, as well as the importance of ambient temperature on modelling of human diseases in these small rodents. Ganeshan and Chawla suggest that warming the mouse might enable more predictive modelling of human diseases and therapies.

Rosalind Eeles, Christopher Haiman and colleagues report genome-wide association and meta-analyses of prostate cancer in populations of European, African, Japanese and Latino ancestry. They identify 23 new susceptibility loci, including one associated with early-onset prostate cancer.

Rosalind Eeles and colleagues report a multistage genome-wide association study of prostate cancer, identifying seven new prostate cancer susceptibility loci.

Pulmonary venous tumor cells disseminating before tumor resection are heterogeneous, predict relapse and seed future metastasis of lung cancer

Ghorani et al. use a multiomics approach to characterize the effect of tumour mutational burden on the differentiation of CD4 and CD8 T cell subpopulations in non-small cell lung cancer.

Multiregion spatial histology, exome and transcriptome data from patients with non-small cell lung cancer suggest that cancer subclones from immune cold regions diversify later than subclones from immune hot regions

The results of a clinical phase I study in metastatic urothelial bladder cancer treated with the MPDL3280A antibody show that expression of PD-L1 on tumour-infiltrating immune cells is relevant for the therapeutic response.