Anorectal malformations (ARM) span a spectrum of rare congenital anomalies of the anus and rectum, ranging from a minimally displaced anal canal to a complete fusion of the anorectum, vagina and urethra with hypoplastic sphincter and pelvic floor muscle. This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of ARM.
- Ivo de Blaauw
- Pernilla Stenström
- Mikko Pakarinen
