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  • Direct observations over the past four centuries show that the number of sunspots observed on the Sun's surface varies periodically. After sunspot cycle 23, the Sun went into a prolonged minimum characterized by a very weak polar magnetic field and an unusually large number of days without sunspots. This study reports kinematic dynamo simulations which demonstrate that a fast meridional flow in the early half of a cycle, followed by a slower flow in the latter half, reproduces both characteristics of the minimum of sunspot cycle 23.

    • Dibyendu Nandy
    • Andrés Muñoz-Jaramillo
    • Petrus C. H. Martens
    Research
    Nature
    Volume: 471, P: 80-82