Search

scHLApers is an analysis pipeline that quantifies single-cell expression of HLA genes using a personalized genomic reference. Mapping of HLA expression quantitative trait loci at single-cell resolution identifies dynamic effects across cell states.

The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.

Analysis of genomic data from 981 colorectal cancers from participants in 11 countries reveals variations in mutational signatures of microsatellite-stable cancers that are dependent on geographical origin and age at which the cancer was diagnosed.

Reconfigurable wavelength-selective devices are essential components of flexible optical networks. Here the authors show a silicon-photonic add-drop multiplexer meeting the strict requirements of telecom systems in terms of broadband operation range, hitless tunability and polarization transparency.

Phosphorene nanoribbons demonstrate extraordinary magnetic properties, ranging from large internal fields in films to macroscopic alignment in solution, which can be coupled to photoexcitations that localize to the magnetic edge of these ribbons.

Fine-mapping has previously implicated the non-coding single nucleotide polymorphism rs117701653 as a risk variant for rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes, however its function remained unclear. Here the authors show that this variant decreases binding of the inhibitory factor SMCHD1 to enhance expression of ICOS, promoting development of potentially pathogenic T peripheral helper cells.

An atlas of the substrate specificities for the human tyrosine kinome reveals diversity of motif specificities and enables identification of kinase–substrate relationships and kinase regulation in phosphoproteomics experiments.

Processing is crucial to ensure material quality and stability in perovskite solar cells. Here, Poolet al. develop a scalable infrared annealing method and use in situXRD to map the processing phase space relative to the device efficiency. This provides a tool to determine processing requirements.

A cross-reactive antibody and T cell response is identified in a large portion of patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.

From metagenomics of Aedes mosquitoes from four continents, the authors analyse the mechanism by which insect-specific viruses affect mosquito vector competence to transmit dengue virus to humans.

Parkin plays a role in mitophagy and has been shown to control adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis. Here the authors report that Parkin coordinates mitophagy with Pgc1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis in white adipocytes to regulate adiposity.

The existence and properties of tetraquark states with two heavy quarks and two light antiquarks have been widely debated. Here, the authors use a unitarized model to study the properties of an exotic narrow state compatible with a doubly charmed tetraquark.

Analysing >1,700 inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network, the authors show that the majority of Amazon tree species can occupy floodplains and that patterns of species turnover are closely linked to regional flood patterns.

The authors analyse tree responses to an extreme heat and drought event across South America to understand long-term climate resistance. While no more sensitive to this than previous lesser events, forests in drier climates showed the greatest impacts and thus vulnerability to climate extremes.

Inventory data from more than 1 million trees across African, Amazonian and Southeast Asian tropical forests suggests that, despite their high diversity, just 1,053 species, representing a consistent ~2.2% of tropical tree species in each region, constitute half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees.

Here, the authors use SNP-seq to screen 87 lupus risk loci for functional non-coding variants. Validation at one locus identified a risk variant through which enhanced Ikaros binding amplifies expression of the interferon / NFκB regulator IKKε.

A numerical analysis of mutualistic interactions between species shows that indirect effects from species they do not interact with directly are the biggest source of variation and cause the largest decreases to species fitness.

In this study, the authors provide a global overview of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing, and estimate the proportion of cases sequenced and time to genome upload. They identify disparities and highlight the need to strengthen surveillance in lower and middle income countries.

Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon affects both older (primary) and younger (secondary) forests. This study finds that most forest loss over the period 2008–2014 was from secondary forests and that the almost 190% rise in deforestation buffered losses from primary forests.

The integration of liver and plasma quantitative lipidomic and proteomic data from 107 distinct mouse strains provides important insights into regulators of mammalian lipid metabolism.

Despite widespread transcription of LncRNA in mammalian systems, their contribution to metabolic homeostasis at the cellular and tissue level remains elusive. Here Pradas-Juni et al. describe a transcription factor–LncRNA pathway that couples hepatocyte nutrient sensing to regulation of glucose metabolism in mice.

The genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax strains in South Asia isn’t well described. Here, the authors sequence P. vivax from returning UK travelers and establish South Asian isolates as subpopulation distinct from East African and South East Asian isolates.

The dynamics of ecological communities depends on interactions between species as well as those between species and their environment, however the effects of the latter are poorly understood. Here, Yeakel et al. reveal how species that modify their environment (ecosystem engineers) impact community dynamics and the risk of extinction.

The Large Hadron Collider beauty collaboration reports a test of lepton flavour universality in decays of bottom mesons into strange mesons and a charged lepton pair, finding evidence of a violation of this principle postulated in the standard model.

Analysis of individual-level patient records from Brazil reveals that the extensive shocks in COVID-19 mortality rates are associated with pre-pandemic geographic inequities as well as shortages in healthcare capacity during the pandemic.

The synthesis of two-dimensional diamond is the ultimate goal of diamond thin-film technology. Here, the authors perform Raman spectroscopy of bilayer graphene under pressure, and obtain spectroscopic evidence of formation of diamondene, an atomically thin form of diamond.

Stem cells exist in vitro in a spectrum of interconvertible pluripotent states. Here, authors show that pluripotency and self-renewal processes have a high level of regulatory complexity and suggest that genetic factors contribute to cell state transitions in human iPSC lines.

Early detection of atherosclerosis is beneficial but the reliability of imaging techniques is unclear. This study assesses reproducibility for black-blood MRI measurement of atherosclerotic burden in the left and right carotid arteries and the thoracic descending aorta. The results suggest that measurement of some MRI parameters is reliable, and the researchers recommend further investigation of their value for predicting cardiovascular disease.

Fetal development plays an important role in defining adult diabetes risk. Here, authors identified a genetic link between fetal pancreatic gene expression, obesity, and diabetes risk through eQTL mapping of iPSC-derived pancreatic progenitor cells.

Here, the authors perform a large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies and cis-MR proteomics to identify protein biomarkers and drug targets for heart failure.

The LHCb collaboration reports an improved measurement of the oscillation frequency of mesons consisting of a bottom quark and strange quark, which is then combined with previous results.

Solar water splitting is often performed in highly corrosive conditions, presenting materials stability challenges. Gu et al. show that an efficient and stable hydrogen-producing photocathode can be realized through the application of a graded catalytic–protective layer on top of the photoabsorber.

Water and hydroxyl enrichment in the solar-wind-irradiated rim of an olivine grain from asteroid Itokawa suggests that its regolith could contain ~20 l m⁻³ of water from solar wind—a potential water source for airless planetary bodies.

The GEMINI consortium sequenced 1,000 cases of idiopathic male infertility and identified a plausible Mendelian cause in 20% of cases. The infertility genes can be grouped by expression pattern, facilitating their interpretation and follow-up.

The formation of motile cilia is regulated by Dishevelled (DVL), a central component in WNT signalling and planar cell polarity (PCP). Here the authors identify DVL as a novel substrate of the phosphatase PTEN, coupling PTEN to cilia dynamics and PCP.

Mice deficient in the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFNγ have improved glucose tolerance. Here, the authors show that this effect depends on the gut microbeAkkermansia muciniphila, whose abundance increases in the absence IFNγ, and which is known to have beneficial effects on host metabolism.

CP violation has deep implications for particle physics and cosmology. Previously observed only in meson decays, signs of CP violation have now been spotted in baryon decays by analysing the proton–proton collision data from the LHCb detector.

Virus genomes reveal the establishment of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas, and provide an appropriate timeframe for baseline (pre-Zika) microcephaly in different regions.

Stretchable surface electromyography electrodes with high signal-to-noise ratios and stable recordings are challenging to develop. Here, Yang et al. design a gel-free metal-polymer electrode array patch for long-term continuous monitoring of tendon displacement and muscle stress for injury prevention.

Using 13 functional traits we characterize the Amazonian trees and the communities they form. Amazonian tree communities are distributed along a fast-slow-spectrum. This results in clear differences in traits among these forests, as well as their biomass and biomass productivity.

Squeezed states of light have been experimentally demonstrated to improve the performance of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) in astrophysically relevant frequency regions. This enhanced performance may help to reach the sensitivity required for detecting gravitational waves.

Although essential to restrict systemic replication, the small interfering RNA pathway fails to efficiently silence dengue virus in the midgut of Aedes aegypti in the absence of ectopic expression of the double-stranded RNA-binding protein Loqs2.