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Measurements of Criegee intermediate oligomerization signatures in the Amazon rainforest indicate that the role of Criegee intermediate chemistry in the composition of Earth’s troposphere has been underestimated.

In this phase 1 trial, patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors were treated with the individualized mRNA neoantigen-specific immunotherapy (iNeST) autogene cevumeran alone or in combination with the anti-PD-L1 agent atezolizumab, showing long-lasting neoantigen-specific immune responses and preliminary clinical activity, supporting further development of this therapeutic approach.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Water structures at the electrolyte and electrode interfaces are crucial for electrochemical reactions. Here, the authors report that alkali metal cations can modify two-dimensional water networks at charged surfaces, impacting both reaction kinetics and efficiency.

A study presents a method to mitigate emissions of nitrous oxide from farmland using bacteria to consume nitrous oxide in soil with organic waste as a substrate and vector.

Wenzel et al. detect radio signatures of two forms of cyanopyrene, a small molecular sheet of carbon, which can be used as indicators of the abundance of pyrene. Their findings suggest that small polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons must be formed in or transported to the cold interstellar medium.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

The spectroscopic signatures of excess protons in HCl solutions are studied by ab initio simulations and THz experiments. Two contributions beyond the normal-mode scenario are identified that reflect proton-waiting and proton-transfer processes.

Molecular isomerization in solution is dependent on coupling of solute and solvent via memory-dependent friction. Here, by applying memory kernel extraction to molecular dynamics simulations, the authors demonstrate the role of friction in determining isomerization kinetics.

Phylogenomic analysis of 7,923 angiosperm species using a standardized set of 353 nuclear genes produced an angiosperm tree of life dated with 200 fossil calibrations, providing key insights into evolutionary relationships and diversification.

Understanding the role of hydrogen bonds at the electrode interface is important for controlling the kinetics of the oxygen-reduction reaction. Here the authors modify gold and platinum surfaces with a series of protic ionic liquids to show that pK_a can be used to optimize proton-coupled electron transfer through hydrogen bonding.

Gate-defined quantum dots offer a way to engineer electrically controllable quantum systems with potential for information processing. Here, the authors transfer angular momentum from the polarization of a single photon to the spin of a single electron in a gate-defined double quantum dot.

The intrinsic trade-off between efficiency and stability is a challenging issue for organic photovoltaics. Here, the authors develop non-fullerene acceptors with tailored side-group hindrance and backbone planarity and realise efficiency of 18.3% and good stability for xylene-processed solar cells

Samples from the asteroid (101955) Bennu, returned by the OSIRIS-REx mission, include sodium-bearing phosphates and sodium-rich carbonates, sulfates, chlorides and fluorides formed during evaporation of a late-stage brine.

Genome-wide analyses identify variants associated with sinus node dysfunction, distal conduction disease and pacemaker implantation, implicating ion channel function, cardiac developmental programs and sarcomeric structure in bradyarrhythmia susceptibility.

Richard Thompson applauds a chronicle alerting the world to marine polymer pollution.

Genotype and exome sequencing of 150,000 participants and whole-genome sequencing of 9,950 selected individuals recruited into the Mexico City Prospective Study constitute a valuable, publicly available resource of non-European sequencing data.

A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

Nitrous-oxide-mediated oxidation reactions can be effectively promoted by iron-containing zeolites, although structural information on the interaction between oxidant and metal centre is limited. Here, the authors report the characterization of the N₂O-ligated Fe(ii) active site in iron-exchanged zeolite beta.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Genome-wide association analyses identify 11 loci associated with native myocardial T1 time, a marker of interstitial fibrosis, providing insights into the pathways involved in myocardial fibrosis and myofibroblast cell state acquisition.

RNA-guided, CRISPR-associated transposons hold great promise for precision genome editing. Here, the authors provide genetic, biochemical and structural data how their activity is regulated in situ by CvkR, an unusual MerR family regulator.

Heart failure is a complex syndrome that is associated with many different underlying risk factors. Here, to increase power, the authors jointly analyse cases of heart failure of different aetiologies in a genome-wide association study and identify 11 loci of which ten had not been previously reported.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Drug resistance to current antimalarials is rising and new drugs and targets are urgently needed. Here the authors identify Plasmodium falciparum acyl-CoA synthetase 10 as a new target whose inhibition leads to a decrease in triacylglycerols.

An analysis of the impact of logging intensity on biodiversity in tropical forests in Sabah, Malaysia, identifies a threshold of tree biomass removal below which logged forests still have conservation value.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses of waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index in more than 224,000 individuals identify 49 loci, 33 of which are new and many showing significant sexual dimorphism with a stronger effect in women; pathway analyses implicate adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution.

Meta-analyses in up to 1.3 million individuals identify 87 rare-variant associations with blood pressure traits. On average, rare variants exhibit effects ~8 times larger than the mean effects of common variants and implicate candidate causal genes at associated regions.

Analysing camera-trap data of 163 mammal species before and after the onset of COVID-19 lockdowns, the authors show that responses to human activity are dependent on the degree to which the landscape is modified by humans, with carnivores being especially sensitive.

T1 mapping noninvasively assesses fibrosis in multiple organs and enables risk stratification of mortality and provides insights into shared and organ-specific pathways underlying fibrosis.

Different location of adipose tissue may have different consequences to cardiometabolic risk. Here the authors report that deep learning enabled accurate prediction of specific adipose tissue volumes, and that after adjustment for BMI, visceral adiposity was associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease, while gluteofemoral adiposity was associated with reduced risk.

Tripathi et al. identify a noncanonical RAS•GTP activity that increases XPO1-dependent export of nuclear proteins into the cytoplasm. This depends on a RAS–RanGAP1 complex, and this export function contributes to RAS oncogenic activity.

The monarch butterfly, well known for its spectacular annual migration across North America, is shown by genome sequencing of monarchs from around the world to have been ancestrally migratory and to have dispersed out of North America to occupy its current broad distribution; the authors also discovered signatures of selection associated with migration within loci implicated in flight muscle function, leading to greater flight efficiency.

To possess a small singlet-triplet energy gap and a large oscillator strength simultaneously is critical for efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters. Here, the authors attach an multiresonance-acceptor onto a sterically-uncrowded donor for realizing a device efficiency of 40.4%.

Activation of the tumor suppressor p53 is a promising approach in cancer therapy. Here, the authors discover a series of small molecule dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors that increase p53 synthesis and reduce tumor growth in synergy with the common mdm2 inhibitor nutlin3.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.