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This study presents the assembly and analysis of the genome sequence of a female domestic Duroc pig and a comparison with the genomes of wild and domestic pigs from Europe and Asia; the results shed light on the evolutionary relationship between European and Asian wild boars.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

The observation of a flare of radiation from the centre of an inactive galaxy fits a model of the tidal disruption of a helium-rich stellar core and its accretion onto a black hole of about three million solar masses.

Metabolic rewiring during tachycardia promotes tissue hypoxia, elevated glucose utilization and the suppression of oxidative phosphorylation, driving contractile dysfunction.

Quantum electrodynamics predicts a rare process in which light is scattered by light. The ATLAS Collaboration reports signs of this elusive effect in the collisions of ultra-relativistic lead ions.

Mucosal Associated Invariant T cells have been implicated in response to bacterial pathogens. Here the authors show that in human viral infections, these cells are activated by IL-18 in cooperation with other pro-inflammatory cytokines, producing interferon gamma and granzyme B.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

An antibody against the pituitary hormone Fsh reduces adiposity and increases thermogenesis in ovariectomized mice or mice fed a high-fat diet.

Several changes to scientific culture and policy are needed to aid the identification of new drug targets and therapies for central nervous system disorders from the rapidly growing volume of 'big' data in neuroscience.

Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS  experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.

Within natural product biosynthetic pathways, nature has evolved highly selective catalysts capable of complexity-generating reactions. Leveraging these tools, a suite of catalysts with complementary site- and stereoselectivity have been applied to the oxidative dearomatization of phenolic compounds, enabling one-pot transformations of phenols into various natural products.

Rieske oxygenases are iron-dependent enzymes that catalyse C–H mono- and dihydroxylation reactions. Here, the authors characterise two cyanobacterial Rieske oxygenases, SxtT and GxtA that are involved in the biosynthesis of paralytic shellfish toxins and determine their substrate free and saxitoxin analog-bound crystal structures and by using mutagenesis experiments identify residues, which are important for substrate positioning and reaction selectivity.

To mark the occasion of Nature Chemistry turning 10 years old, we asked scientists working in different areas of chemistry to tell us what they thought the most exciting, interesting or challenging aspects related to the development of their main field of research will be — here is what they said.

Traumatic brain injury is associated with changes to the metabolome. Here the authors show that acute traumatic brain injury has distinctive serum metabolic patterns which may suggest protective changes of systemic lipid metabolism aiming to maintain lipid homeostasis in the brain.

Polyketide synthases are multidomain enzymes that produce polyketides, which form the basis of many therapeutic agents; here, electron cryo-microscopy is used to establish the structure of a bacterial full-length module, and to elucidate the structural basis of both intramodule and intermodule substrate transfer.

The reactivity of a monooxygenase (P450 PikC) has been modified through protein and substrate engineering, and applied to the oxidation of unactivated methylene C–H bonds. The protein engineering was guided by using molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical calculations to develop a predictive model for substrate scope, site selectivity and stereoselectivity of the C–H hydroxylation.

This study identifies and characterizes evolutionarily conserved cytosine methylation patterns related to age across mammals and establishes pan-mammalian epigenetic clocks.

Genome-wide association studies have established a link between the extracellular chaperone clusterin and susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease. A fluorescence approach is now used to reveal that clusterin sequesters Aβ_1–40 oligomers and prevents them from undergoing further aggregation.

Methods to directly label active neurons are still lacking. Here the authors develop CaMPARI2, a photoconvertible fluorescent protein sensor for neuronal activity with improved brightness and calcium binding kinetics, as well as an antibody to amplify the activated sensor signal in fixed samples.

High-throughput screening systems that better mimic the physiological complexity of diseased tissues may aid the discovery of more efficacious compounds. A co-culture system that mimics the microenvironment of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in bone marrow enables the discovery of compounds, including lovastatin, that selectively kill LSCs.

As part of the Immunogical Genome project, Kang and colleagues compare the gene-expression profiles of emergent thymocytes from adult mice that express the γδ T cell antigen receptor, segregated on the basis of the use of the γ- or δ-chain variable region, and find that the main subsets are molecularly distinct.

Device-level complexity represents a big shortcoming for the hardware realization of analogue memory-based deep neural networks. Mackin et al. report a generalized computational framework, translating software-trained weights into analogue hardware weights, to minimise inference accuracy degradation.

Recurrent prostatic bleeding can be challenging and frustrating for physicians and patients. Sepsis and bladder rupture are notable complications of therapy in severe cases, and more-serious, possibly fatal, events can occur in patients with comorbidities. An overview of causes and a guide to management with biochemical and functional approaches is provided.

The millimetre image of the Centaurus A nucleus by the Event Horizon Telescope reveals a highly collimated, asymmetrically edge-brightened jet. The source’s event horizon shadow should be visible at terahertz frequencies, consistent with the universal scale invariance of black holes.

The importance of positive N2 lymph node staging for prognosis and treatment decisions is now recognized for patients with Pancoast tumors. The authors of this review assert that a multi-disciplinary management strategy is needed for these patients, and that survival advantages have been observed using combined and multimodality regimens. The role of surgery in the context of viable treatment options and the use of imaging for assessing treatment response is critically discussed.

With a comprehensive analysis of sequencing data, DNA copy number, gene expression and DNA methylation in a large number of human glioblastomas, The Cancer Genome Atlas project initiative provides a broad overview of the genes and pathways that are altered in this cancer type.

Golub and colleagues tested thousands of drugs not originally developed for oncology across 578 human cancer cell lines, revealing growth-inhibitory effects and providing a resource to identify drugs with the potential to be repurposed for cancer.

Gerard Schellenberg and colleagues report a genome-wide association study of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), as part of the Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium. They identify common variants in MS4A4/MS4A6E, CD2AP, CD33 and EPHA1 associated with LOAD.

A high-precision parity-violating electron–quark scattering experiment provides measurements of a combination of electron–quark weak couplings with a precision five times higher than the single previous direct study, confirming the predictions of the electroweak particle-physics theory and providing constraints on parity-violating interactions beyond the standard model.

Observations of two slow-to-fade super-luminous supernovae are reported; both show relatively fast rise times and blue colours, which are incompatible with pair-instability models.