Search

Information on immune receptor repertoire provides important insights on disease progression and therapy development, but can be expensive and time-consuming to obtain. Here the authors report ImReP, a computational method that can extract detailed immune repertoire information from existing tissue-specific RNA sequencing data.

The authors develop a machine learning approach to find structurally related chemicals in mass spectral libraries. Their method boosts the annotation rate and aids in assessing novelty in metabolomics datasets.

Sensory neuron population expansions are common in evolution but of unclear function. Here, the authors show that, in drosophilid olfactory systems, increased sensory neuron number impacts interneuron dynamics, but not sensitivity, to promote olfactory-guided behaviour.

Gong, Reynolds et al. use cryo-electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography to uncover how the actin cross-linking factor fascin uses structural flexibility to assemble helical actin filaments into symmetry-mismatched hexagonal bundles.

To realize the potential of resistive RAM crossbar arrays as platforms for neuromorphic computing, reduced network-level energy consumption must be achieved. Here, the authors use a hardware/software co-design approach to realize reduced energy consumption during network training for the network.

Theoretical models of foraging efficiency suggest that lunge-filter-feeding marine vertebrates could be as small as 10 kg. However, here the authors show with bio-logged data from filter-feeding minke whales that in practice there are minimum body-size constraints on filter feeders, below which this becomes an unviable feeding strategy.

Does anatomy affect cross-linguistic differences? Using computer models of the vocal tract, Dediu et al modelled how vowels are learned and transmitted across generations. Simulations show how variations in the hard palate contribute to phonetic diversity.

Glutaredoxins are small redox proteins that use glutathione as a cofactor. In maize, a glutaredoxin named MSCA1 controls the activity of transcription factor FASCIATED EAR4 through dimerization, regulating inflorescence meristem development.

Stroke is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Here, the authors apply exome-wide association analysis to find rare coding variants associated with stroke in a Pakistani cohort, finding a significant association of a variant in NOTCH3 that is highly enriched in South Asians.

Latitudinal differences in the global distribution of pelagic and demersal teleost fish predators can be explained by the relative inflow of energy at the base of each food chain.

The origin of energetic charged particles in universe remains an unresolved issue, while one of the promising mechanism contributions is stochastic acceleration. Here the authors demonstrate electron stochastic acceleration of kinetic turbulence in a lab setting.

SF-GWAS is a workflow for secure, federated genome-wide association studies, implementing accurate, privacy-preserving principal-component analysis, linear/logistic regression and linear mixed model methods for biobank-scale multisite analyses.

SBayesRC integrates genome-wide association summary statistics with functional annotations to improve polygenic prediction of complex traits. Functional partitioning highlights a major contribution of evolutionarily constrained regions to prediction accuracy.

The combination of expansion microscopy with enhanced super-resolution radial fluctuations analysis enhances the image resolution of a conventional microscope to 25 nm in clinical and experimental samples.

This protocol extension enables researchers to integrate optically based manipulation and measurement techniques into their touchscreen experimental systems, focusing on optogenetic manipulation, fiber photometry and microendoscopic imaging.

Scientific discovery is a highly relevant task in natural sciences, however generating scientifically meaningful laws and determining their consistency remains challenging. The authors introduce an approach that exploits both experimental data and underlying theory in symbolic form to generate formulas that hold scientific significance by solving polynomial optimization problems.

Using commissioning data from the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), parts of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) have been mapped with ten times the resolution of before. Cold H i outflows are found to extend some 2 kpc from the SMC bar, containing up to 3% of the galaxy’s atomic mass. These will probably be stripped by interactions with neighbouring galaxies.

Plasticity and clonal population structure in bacterial genomes can hinder traditional SNP-based genetic association studies. Here, Corander and colleagues present a method to identify variable-length sequence elements enriched in a phenotype of interest, and demonstrate its use in human pathogens.

A tether-less and battery-less implant allows for the recording of electroencephalograms, electromyograms and body temperature in freely moving small animals, and for closed-loop neuromodulation via optogenetics and pharmacology.

A machine learning-based tool, AMAISE, separates microbial and host sequences in metagenomics data without relying on reference genomes to remove host sequences.

The atomic-level interactions among electrocatalytic sites in Li | |S batteries remain unclear. Here, authors propose a multiview machine-learned framework to evaluate electrocatalyst features using limited datasets and intrinsic factors, thus enhancing the understanding of electrocatalytic sites.

Romer’s Gap describes the period with few known fossils when early tetrapods were becoming increasingly terrestrial. Here, five new species, three stem tetrapods and two stem amphibians, are described from a location in Scotland shedding light on the phylogeny and environment of this period.

This study on the genetic diversity of 1,845 rhesus macaques improves genetic variation interpretation and identifies macaque models for inherited human retinal and neurodevelopment diseases.

Polarization observations of the fast radio burst FRB 180301 with the FAST radio telescope show diverse polarization angle swings, consistent with a magnetospheric origin of the emission.

With redox-linked synthetic biology and electrobiofabrication, electronic information can be transmitted in a bidirectional manner between biology and electronics. Here the authors design an electrogenetic platform that allows real time electronic control of biological functions from proteins and gene circuits to cell consortia.

ABACUS2 Förster resonance energy transfer biosensors allow an unparalleled view of abscisic acid accumulations and depletions in living plants. Well-watered roots accumulate abscisic acid in growing cells upon shoot dehydration and this is essential to maintain root growth under low humidity.

A bright patch in the Fermi bubbles, previously attributed to a jet launched by the Galaxy’s central black hole, is actually due to gamma-ray emission by millisecond pulsars in a background, satellite galaxy of the Milky Way.

Sequence depth and read length determine the quality of genome assembly. Here, the authors leverage a set of PacBio reads to develop guidelines for sequencing and assembly of complex plant genomes in order to allocate finite resources using maize as an example.

Replacing steel or aluminium vehicle parts with magnesium would result in reduced emissions, but shaping magnesium without cracking remains challenging. Here, the authors successfully extrude and roll textured magnesium into ductile foil at low temperatures by activating intra-granular mechanisms.

Automated pathotyping of synovial tissue in arthritis is a major unmet need. Here, the authors develop and demonstrate the efficacy of an automated tissue and cellular pathotyping tool for inflammatory arthritis.