Fine-needle aspiration cytology is used to diagnose thyroid cancer and determine the risk of malignancy, but some nodules have indeterminate cytology and thus invasive surgery might be required for a definitive diagnosis. This Review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of molecular approaches to diagnosis, which can either rule in or rule out malignancy to optimize surgical planning.
- Markus Eszlinger
- Lorraine Lau
- Ralf Paschke