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Commonalities and differences of chloroplast translation in a green alga and land plants

Chloroplast translation is critical for chloroplast biogenesis. The degree of conservation and divergence of chloroplast translation among different plant species is still enigmatic. Now, a targeted ribosome-profiling approach was applied in three model plants to tackle this problem.

Raphael Trösch
Rouhollah Barahimipour
Felix Willmund
Research30 Jul 2018
Nature Plants

Volume: 4, P: 564-575
Assembly-dependent translational feedback regulation of photosynthetic proteins in land plants

Algae fine-tune protein synthesis to assembly demands of photosynthetic complexes. In land plants, this feedback control is conserved in Rubisco and partly in photosystem II, but varies or is absent in other complexes, revealing divergent evolution.

Rabea Ghandour
Yang Gao
Reimo Zoschke
ResearchOpen Access18 Aug 2025
Nature Plants

Volume: 11, P: 1920-1938
Control of retrograde signalling by protein import and cytosolic folding stress

Retrograde signalling ensures message communication between organelles and the nucleus. A pivotal regulator of plant retrograde signalling, GENOMES UNCOUPLED1, is now found to regulate protein import into chloroplast during chloroplast biogenesis or under stress conditions.

Guo-Zhang Wu
Etienne H. Meyer
Ralph Bock
Research06 May 2019
Nature Plants

Volume: 5, P: 525-538
Removal of the large inverted repeat from the plastid genome reveals gene dosage effects and leads to increased genome copy number

Removing the large inverted repeat region from the chloroplast genome revealed a gene dosage benefit for the ribosomal RNA operon. The reduced genome size resulted in increased genome copy numbers and offers potential for synthetic biology.

Carolin Krämer
Christian R. Boehm
Ralph Bock
ResearchOpen Access27 May 2024
Nature Plants

Volume: 10, P: 923-935
De-etiolation-induced protein 1 (DEIP1) mediates assembly of the cytochrome b₆f complex in Arabidopsis

The Cytb6f complex is a multi-subunit enzyme that couples the two photosystems during the light reactions of photosynthesis. Here the authors show that the thylakoid-localized DEIP1 protein interacts with the PetA and PetB subunits, and is essential for Cytb6f complex assembly in Arabidopsis.

Omar Sandoval-Ibáñez
David Rolo
Ralph Bock
ResearchOpen Access13 Jul 2022
Nature Communications

Volume: 13, P: 1-16
Structure of the actively translating plant 80S ribosome at 2.2 Å resolution

A 2.2 Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of an actively translating 80S ribosome from tobacco reveals bound tRNA and mRNA, the nascent peptide and numerous cofactors, providing a basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of protein synthesis in plants.

Julia Smirnova
Justus Loerke
Reimo Zoschke
ResearchOpen Access08 May 2023
Nature Plants

Volume: 9, P: 987-1000

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Commonalities and differences of chloroplast translation in a green alga and land plants

Assembly-dependent translational feedback regulation of photosynthetic proteins in land plants

Control of retrograde signalling by protein import and cytosolic folding stress

Removal of the large inverted repeat from the plastid genome reveals gene dosage effects and leads to increased genome copy number

De-etiolation-induced protein 1 (DEIP1) mediates assembly of the cytochrome b6f complex in Arabidopsis

Structure of the actively translating plant 80S ribosome at 2.2 Å resolution

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De-etiolation-induced protein 1 (DEIP1) mediates assembly of the cytochrome b₆f complex in Arabidopsis