Cardiac contractility modulation has positive inotropic effects in the failing heart, without increasing oxygen consumption. Here, Lyon and colleagues review the preclinical data, mode of action, and clinical evidence for the use of this therapy in patients with chronic heart failure. Long-term application of cardiac contractility modulation seems to improve exercise tolerance and quality of life, and have an acceptable safety profile.
- Alexander R. Lyon
- Michael A. Samara
- David S. Feldman
