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Self-grooming is a frequently observed repetitive behaviour in rodents that is believed to contribute to post-stress de-arousal. The authors identified a previously unknown limbic circuit that includes the ventral lateral septum in rats and is involved in regulating stress-induced self-grooming.

Caloric restriction promotes healthy aging, but dietary alternatives are needed. Here, the authors show that a high-fiber diet mimics caloric restriction’s benefits in mice, improving metabolism, cognition, and aging markers without reducing food intake.

The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) transports pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix. Here, authors present cryo-EM structures of human MPC1-2 in IMS-open and inhibitor-bound matrix-open states, revealing transport and inhibition mechanisms.

Diabetic wounds are challenging to heal, with vascular injury induced by high glucose a key pathological factor. Here, the authors report a hydrogel designed to interrupt the process of vascular injury, with angiogenic capacity.

Hepatic fibrosis causes blood ammonia accumulation, which leads to hepatic encephalopathy. Here, a biocompatible water-powered Zn micromotor is developed for chemotactic migration towards and targeted clearance of ammonia for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.

Transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit diverse and tunable electronic states. Here the authors reveal a cascade of phase transitions upon increasing hydrostatic pressure in the few-layer 1T’-WS₂, including a re-entrant superconducting phase emerging from a normal state exhibiting anomalous Hall effect.

The cellular mechanisms underlying acute pain transitions to chronic pain are poorly understood. Here the authors show that the scaffolding protein β-arrestin 2 contributes to these processes via desensitization of NMDA receptors in spinal neurons.

Economic evaluation of utilization of digital technologies for cataract screening remains unknown. Here the authors show that digital hierarchical screening is cost-effective in China and annual screening proved to be the most cost-effective option.

Bao et al. report a neuromorphic bionic electro-stimulation solution based on atomic-scale semiconductor floating-gate memory circuit, which enables efficient inhibition of acute inflammation with low stimulation currents that are damage-free to neurons.

The host factors that drive adaptive substitutions in the influenza virus remain poorly understood. Here, Zou et al. identify GGCX as a key determinant for the adaption of Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus to receptor binding.

In a phase 3 randomized controlled trial comparing secondary cytoreduction plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in patients with relapsed ovarian cancer, the coprimary endpoint of overall survival was not statistically different, but in a prespecified sensitivity analysis adjusted for patients who underwent crossover surgery following tumor relapse, there was an increase in overall survival.

Cargo transport from the ER to the Golgi is highly selective. Here the authors identify three secretory pathway localized proteins that regulate ER sorting of receptor kinases in Arabidopsis and are required to support pollen tube growth.

Here the authors present a protocol for haploidization-mediated DNA assembly and delivery (HAnDy), a CRISPR–Cas9-based, chromosome elimination-mediated method that enables efficient Mb-scale DNA assembly and delivery in yeast.

Methods for selective modification of the N-terminus of proteins are of high interest, but mostly require specific amino acid residues. Here, the authors report a selective and fast method for N-terminal modification of proteins based on quinone-mediated oxidation of the alpha-amine to aldehyde or ketone, and apply it to diverse proteins.

Treatment of patients with HER2-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer with the pan-HER inhibitor pyrotinib in a phase 2 trial or compassionate use showed a favorable objective response rate, whereas patients treated in parallel by physician’s choice in a real-world study did not.

Manipulation of the electron’s orbital contribution to transport experiments is important for potential orbitronics device applications. Now the long-range dynamic orbital response is shown to be controlled by the arrangement of atoms in ferromagnets.

A robust pyrazolate metal–organic framework acts as both an adsorbent for perfluorooctanoic acid and a catalyst for degradation under mild conditions, providing an integrated approach for the capture and destruction of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.

Due to high rate of metastasis, lymphadenectomy is a cornerstone of the surgical treatment of gastric cancer however the accurate dissection of lymph nodes (LN) can be challenging. Here, the authors present the long-term outcomes of a randomised control trial investigating indocyanine green fluorescence image-guided LN retrieval in gastric cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy.

Analysis of data from the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study comprising mainly of trios and mother–infant pairs reveals novel East Asian-specific genetic associations with maternal bile acid, gestational weight gain and infant cord blood traits.

Generating training data for training deep-learning-based tools is time consuming. The DELiVR pipeline facilitates this process as demonstrated in this study on detecting c-Fos⁺ cells or microglia in the brain, following tissue clearing and imaging with light-sheet microscopy.

Across terrestrial and aqueous ecosystems, vertebrates increase litter decomposition, both directly and indirectly, by 6.7% on average, and this effect interacts with but generally occurs at a later stage of decomposition than the effect of invertebrates.

Xue-Jun Zhang, Zhi-Rong Yao and colleagues report a genome-wide association study for atopic dermatitis in the Chinese Han population. They identified two new susceptibility loci at 5q22 and 20q13.

It is challenging to construct lateral homostructures with controllable geometry and repeated alternating configurations. Here the authors develop a generic approach for fabricating twisted lateral homostructures with tunable crystal orientation, epitaxial constrain, and phase stability.

A screen of nutrient-derived compounds identified trans-vaccenic acid as a promoter of effector T cell function, and functional assays demonstrate that this occurs via inactivation of GPR43 on T cells.

Memory T cells are particularly reliant on fatty acid oxidation as a source of energy. Here the authors show this reliance is controlled by AMPK sensing of glucose deprivation that triggers SENP1-Sirt3 signalling, driving fatty acid oxidation and memory differentiation in T cells via deacetylation of YME1L1 to induce mitochondrial fusion.

Many proposed spintronic devices, where spin, rather than charge is used for information processing, rely on the combination of multiple materials, for example, heavy metals and magnetic materials in spin-orbit torque devices. Here, Gao et al. show how the interface between a ferromagnet and a semimetal, Ni81Fe19/Bi0.1Sb0.9, can result in a barrier-mediated spin-orbit torques

The neural mechanisms responsible for cold defense regulation are still unclear. Here, authors show parallel thermogenic pathways from the brain stem to the hypothalamus work together to enable resilience to cold temperature exposure and hypothermia.

The dysregulation of the m⁶A epitranscriptomic networks have been reported to contribute to the development of gliomas. Here, the authors utilize induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes with a p53 mutation and demonstrate that mutant p53 upregulates the m⁶A reader YTHDF2, resulting in the initiation of gliomas.

The lack of efficient and cost-effective catalysts for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) hampers the application of hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells. Here, authors reported bimetallic MoNi₄ and WNi₄ nanoalloys with marked HOR activity in alkali, among which MoNi4 outperforms the Pt/C catalyst.

Low-temperature ultraclean integration of large-area MoS₂ thin-film transistors with nitride micro-LEDs through a back end of line process enables the demonstration of displays with high resolution and uniformity.

Microbial communities are responsible for biological wastewater treatment. Here, Dueholm et al. generate more than 5 million high-quality, full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences from wastewater treatment plants across the world to construct a database with a comprehensive taxonomy, providing insights into diversity and function of these microbial communities.