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In this review, nanoporous thin-film template was obtained from the self-assembly of block copolymer PS-PLLA, at which the PLLA block can be hydrolyzed to form the nanopatterns. Nanoporous PS thin films with well-oriented cylinder nanochannels can be used for pore-filling with various ingredients to create specific drug delivery systems and optoelectronic devices. Moreover, nanoporous ceramics with high-specific surface area and high porosity can be fabricated for optical applications using hydrolyzed gyroid-forming PS-PLLA for templated sol–gel reaction. In addition, the formation of inorganic nanoporous templates from self-assembled PS-PDMS after oxygen plasma treatment and its corresponding applications in nanolithography will be discussed.

Well-defined metallic nanoporous sphere with single gyroid (SG) structure can be fabricated by simply using self-assembled diblock copolymer with double gyroid (DG) structure as a template for electroless plating. With the control of nucleation and growth process, SG-structured Ni with uniform pore size and high specific surface area was successfully fabricated. Combining the structural and morphological characters of the fabricated nanoporous Ni sphere, it is appealing to be used in a wide variety of applications, such as high-efficiency and well selectivity hydrogenation catalyst with recyclability.

Nanoporous platinum (Pt) with a gyroid nanostructure was fabricated using a nanoporous polymer with gyroid nanochannels as a template. The nanoporous polymer template was obtained from the self-assembly of the degradable block copolymer, polystyrene-b-poly(L-lactide) (PS-PLLA), followed by the hydrolysis of the PLLA blocks. Templated electroless plating can be conducted under ambient conditions to create a precisely controlled Pt gyroid nanostructure with high crystallinity in a PS matrix. After removal of the PS matrix, the well-interconnected nanoporous gyroid Pt can be successfully fabricated. Compared with commercially available catalysts, the nanoporous Pt possesses superior macroscopic stability and peak specific activity, benefiting from the well-defined network structure with robust texture and the growth of the low-index crystalline facets of Pt.

Slice-and-view scanning electron microscopy tomography is used to characterize a double-gyroid block copolymer, finding mesoatomic distortions that break the symmetry of these soft-matter crystals across multiple scales.

This work aims to fabricate well-ordered nanonetwork Au through a bottom-up approach using templated electrochemical deposition for enhanced mechanical properties. As evidenced by nanoindentation and micro-compression tests, diamond-structured Au fabricated exhibits high reduced modulus and yield strength above the Hashin-Shtrikman upper bound due to the deliberate structuring and nanosized effects.

Gyroid-structured nanoporous chitosan is successfully fabricated by templated crosslinking reaction using nanoporous polymer as a template. A multiple pore-filling process is developed for templated synthesis to give well-ordered nanoporous chitosan. Bio-mimicking from the structural coloration of butterfly wing structure, the nanoporous chitosan with gyroid texture is highly appealing in the application of high reflective materials for UV optical devices.