Search

Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS  experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.

Production of proteins at scale and affordable cost has been a major need of the biotech sector for the last several decades. Here the authors present a design algorithm called UNILIB for boosting gene expression in eukaryotic cells developed using an oligo-library and machine learning approach, validated in both yeast and mammalian cells using unseen sequences.

Administration of exogenous mitochondria from mice or humans, or stimulation of mitochondria transfer from haematopoietic cells through bone marrow transplant from wild-type mice, is shown to improve morbidity and mortality in a mouse model of the mitochondrial disease Leigh syndrome.

Naturally occurring single crystals can exhibit various intricate porous morphologies. Here, the authors are able to grow nanoporous single crystals of gold following solidification of a eutectic composition melt that forms as a result of the dewetting of nanometric thin films.

This report from the 1000 Genomes Project describes the genomes of 1,092 individuals from 14 human populations, providing a resource for common and low-frequency variant analysis in individuals from diverse populations; hundreds of rare non-coding variants at conserved sites, such as motif-disrupting changes in transcription-factor-binding sites, can be found in each individual.

1000 Genomes imputation can increase the power of genome-wide association studies to detect genetic variants associated with human traits and diseases. Here, the authors develop a method to integrate and analyse low-coverage sequence data and SNP array data, and show that it improves imputation performance.

Using the lifespan brain chart and two large-scale cross-cultural consortia (ABIDE and CABIC), we disentangle the heterogeneity of brain morphology in ASD into two structural impairment pathways that could disrupt sensory to association functions.

TMT is a chemical that evokes innate defensive behaviors yet the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here the authors perform a large-scale forward genetics screen in mice and identify Trpa1, a pungency/irritancy receptor, as a chemosensor for predator odor-evoked innate fear and defensive behaviors.

The superconducting phase of a superconductor is often one of several competing types of electronic order, including antiferromagnetism and charge density waves. For some superconductors, the superconducting transition temperature can be maximized by forcing the critical temperature of the competing order down to zero. Now, a related effect has been identified in a high-temperature superconductor, with the application of pressure yielding a striking two-step increase in the transition temperature.

This study reveals that dopamine is necessary for devaluing sensory memories of reward and thus plays a more complex role in reinforcement learning than traditionally considered.

Results for the final phase of the 1000 Genomes Project are presented including whole-genome sequencing, targeted exome sequencing, and genotyping on high-density SNP arrays for 2,504 individuals across 26 populations, providing a global reference data set to support biomedical genetics.

As phase 1 of the Earth Microbiome Project, analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences from more than 27,000 environmental samples delivers a global picture of the basic structure and drivers of microbial distribution.

IBD is associated with a young age at onset and normal life expectancy, which results in a lifetime accrual of disease-related costs. This Review discusses the economic impact of biologic therapy on direct costs of IBD, such as hospitalizations and surgeries, and indirect costs, such as those related to disability and loss of productivity.

Multiregion spatial histology, exome and transcriptome data from patients with non-small cell lung cancer suggest that cancer subclones from immune cold regions diversify later than subclones from immune hot regions

In this study, Skinner, Blanco-Fernández et al. show that uridine can be salvaged through the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway to feed glycolysis in conditions of glucose scarcity.

Miles Parkes and colleagues report results of a large genome-wide association meta-analysis and replication study for Crohn's disease. They identify 30 new susceptibility loci for this inflammatory bowel disease and implicate several interesting candidate genes in disease pathogenesis.

The marine spongeTheonella swinhoeiaccumulates toxic arsenic and barium. Here the authors show that these toxic elements are actually accumulated and mineralized within vesicles inside bacteria that live within the sponge tissues.

Observations of a hot flow anomaly accelerating solar-wind ions suggest a mechanism for such acceleration—a Fermi acceleration trap caused by Earth’s bow shock interacting with the solar wind.

Hannah Barkley and Anne Cohen and colleagues used bleaching signatures in coral skeletons to examine the Jarvis Island coral community response to multiple El Niño heatwaves. They find the historically productive ecosystem experienced 10 bleaching events in the past 60 years and its recovery provides insights into coral reef resilience under ocean warming.

John Rioux and colleagues report results of a large genome-wide association meta-analysis and follow-up study of ulcerative colitis. They identify 29 new risk loci for this inflammatory disease and show that many risk loci are shared between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Changes in Northern Hemisphere atmospheric temperature, pressure patterns and winds emerge as a consistent response to Arctic sea-ice loss in six coupled climate models.

Nada Jabado and colleagues report identification of gain-of-function mutations in ACVR1, which encodes activin A receptor type I, in midline pediatric high-grade astrocytomas.

The mucosa of the large intestine mucosa is an effective vaccination site for induction of protective mucosal immunity against rectal or vaginal viral infection but clinically is impractical. Here Qing Zhu et al. have developed an oral delivery system that encapsulates vaccine into pH-dependent poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles coated with Eudragit to protect against the low pH and enzymatic destruction of the stomach. This approach was shown to selectively target the large intestine in mice and induce antigen-specific T and B cell responses similar to that observed with intracolorectal vaccination.

Mielke et al. perform a multi-assay analysis of humoral and adaptive cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV compared to people without HIV. Using supervised machine learning tools and network analysis, the authors find differences in the immune profile and anti-endemic coronavirus immune response between these two populations.

Graham Heap, Tariq Ahmad and colleagues show that common variants in the HLA-DQA1–HLA-DRB1 region confer susceptibility to thiopurine-induced pancreatitis in individuals undergoing treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases. These findings could help identify patients at risk of developing this serious adverse reaction to thiopurine therapy.