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Bias and negative values of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness estimates from a test-negative design without controlling for prior SARS-CoV-2 infection

The test-negative study design has been widely used to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, but the accuracy of estimates is likely to be impacted by prior infection and vaccination history. Here, the authors perform a simulation study to quantify how these impacts may bias vaccine effectiveness estimates.

Ryan E. Wiegand
Bruce Fireman
Jill M. Ferdinands
ResearchOpen Access20 Nov 2024
Nature Communications

Volume: 15, P: 1-10
Immune escape and attenuated severity associated with the SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86/JN.1 lineage

The SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 lineage spread rapidly in winter 2023-24 with high estimated levels of transmission but limited increase in severe disease burden. Here, the authors use electronic health record data from the United States to investigate the immune history and clinical outcomes of patients infected with this strain.

Joseph A. Lewnard
Parag Mahale
Sara Y. Tartof
ResearchOpen Access03 Oct 2024
Nature Communications

Volume: 15, P: 1-12
Pneumococcal genome sequencing tracks a vaccine escape variant formed through a multi-fragment recombination event

Peter Donnelly and colleagues report sequencing of 62 pneumococcal isolates sampled from a CDC surveillance program. They characterize five independent instances of vaccine escape recombination through capsular switches, providing insight into the role of recombination in remodeling pneumococcal genomes under selective pressure and in the population dynamics of this pathogen.

Tanya Golubchik
Angela B Brueggemann
Rory Bowden
Research29 Jan 2012
Nature Genetics

Volume: 44, P: 352-355
Clinical and virologic characteristics of the first 12 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States

Detailed clinical and virologic characteristics of the first 12 individuals with COVID-19 in the United States from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Stephanie A. Kujawski
Karen K. Wong
Jing Zhang
Research23 Apr 2020
Nature Medicine

Volume: 26, P: 861-868

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Bias and negative values of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness estimates from a test-negative design without controlling for prior SARS-CoV-2 infection

Immune escape and attenuated severity associated with the SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86/JN.1 lineage

Pneumococcal genome sequencing tracks a vaccine escape variant formed through a multi-fragment recombination event

Clinical and virologic characteristics of the first 12 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States

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