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Extended reality (XR) promises to blend real and virtual objects and people in the metaverse. This Review overviews an XR workflow and eight key XR technologies for achieving immersive experiences in both professional settings and everyday life.

Activating mutations of the tyrosine kinase Kit are commonly found in mast cell neoplasms and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Here the authors show that mutant Kit, through the activation of PI3K and STAT3 pathways, elicits proliferative and survival signals from endolysosomes and from the endoplasmic reticulum.

In addition to the previously reported root-to-shoot nitrogen-deficiency small peptides, two more polypeptides are identified as phloem-mobile descending shoot-to-root signals and show a mechanism of systemic nitrogen-demand signalling.

Spirulina is used to manufacture a therapeutic antibody against campylobacter.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play multifaceted roles in numerous neutrophil-mediated diseases. The authors show that inhibiting cathepsin C ameliorates ANCA-associated vasculitis, a NET-related disorder, by reducing neutrophil serine protease activity and NET formation in a rat model.

Advanced colorectal cancers are characterised by intra-tumour heterogeneity dictated by neutral evolution. Here the authors analyse early colorectal tumours by whole-exome sequencing and find that Darwinian evolution determines the fate of early lesions in colorectal adenoma and carcinoma in situ.

In human cells, invading pathogens trigger an innate immune response that helps prevent viral replication and spread. Here, the authors reveal a mechanism of innate immunity that selectively leads to the autophagic degradation of hepatitis B virus core protein.

The anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody bevacizumab has shown efficacy for the treatment of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Here, the authors show that VEGFRs peptide vaccination can improve hearing and reduce tumor volume in NF2 patients, including in previously bevacizumab resistant tumors.

Domain walls in magnetic Weyl semimetals are a source of exotic transport owing to topologically protected domains with opposite chirality. Here, utilizing an optical technique to manipulate magnetic domains in Co₃Sn₂S₂ Hall-bar devices, the authors discover giant antisymmetric magnetoresistance across a domain wall formed by serially connected upward- and downward-magnetized Weyl domains.

JN.1 lineage is a globally dominant variant of SARS-CoV-2. Here, the authors examine structural insights into the BA.2.86 and JN.1 spike dynamics to help understand the mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection and its neutralizing-antibody evasion.

Hidewaki Nakagawa and colleagues report a genome-wide association study for prostate cancer in a Japanese population. They replicate previously associated loci and identify five new susceptibility loci.

Hidewaki Nakagawa and colleagues identify three new genetic loci associated with prostate cancer in Japanese.

mTORC1 activity is controlled through Rag GTPases, which are anchored to the lysosome through the Ragulator. Here, the authors give molecular insights into Ragulator-Rag GTPase assembly and present the crystal structures of the Ragulator alone and in complex with the RagA-C roadblock domains.

The molecular heterogeneity of KMT2A-rearranged infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains poorly characterised. Here, the authors perform multi-omics analysis for 84 ALL patients and suggest 5 distinct subgroups for risk stratification and personalised treatment.’

More than 170 genetic loci have been linked to prostate cancer risk, primarily based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in European population. Here, the authors performed a GWAS on a Japanese cohort of prostate cancer patients, finding 12 new susceptibility loci, and identifying a polygenic risk for Japanese prostate cancer.

The cohesin complex mediates sister chromatid cohesion during cell division. Now, Seishi Ogawa and colleagues report largely mutually exclusive mutations in multiple members of the cohesin complex in acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia and classical myeloproliferative neoplasms.

Using more than 100 independent iPSC lines derived from patients with Alzheimer’s disease, the authors discovered loci associated with the neuronal production of amyloid β and confirmed their influence using RNA interference.

Homologous recombination mediated gene targeting is highly inefficient in human cells due to random integration events, Here the authors show that dual repression of polymerase θ and DNA ligase IV eliminate random integration events.

Skeletal muscle proteolysis can affect organismal energy homeostasis. Here, the authors provide molecular insight into this process by showing that muscle-derived alanine acts as a signal that triggers FGF21 secretion from the liver, which then regulates lipolysis and browning of white fat tissue.

How β-AR signaling coordinates epigenetic and transcriptional pathways is unknown. Here the authors show that cold-induced β-AR signaling negatively regulates MYPT1-PP1β phosphatase activity to orchestrate both pathways for beige adipogenesis.

There are suspected links between air pollution and atopic dermatitis, but the mechanism has remained unclear. Yamamoto and colleagues demonstrate that air pollutants trigger activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the skin, hyperinnervation and an itch-scratch cycle that leads to atopic dermatitis.

Ogawa, Takada et al. show that Streptococcus pneumoniae triggers the formation of pneumococcus-containing LC3-associated phagosome-like vacuoles in an early stage of infection. This study suggests a hierarchical autophagy mechanism activated by intracellular bacterial pathogens.

Genome-wide analysis in 212,453 Japanese individuals identifies loci associated with 42 diseases. Comparative analysis with European populations identifies East Asian–specific associations.

The binding of kinesin to microtubules promotes nucleotide exchange by the kinesin. Structural studies of the intermediate states of nucleotide exchange reveal the sequence of interactions and conformational changes that occur and the role of Mg²⁺ in the process, providing a testable model for microtubule-activated ADP release.

A large-scale resource, iMPAQT, provides multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)–mass spectrometry assays for targeted quantitative analysis of mTRAQ-labeled human proteins.