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This Commission aims to resolve the current dialysis policy challenges in Thailand and generate lessons for the global kidney community by drawing on empirical evidence, systems thinking and multidisciplinary expertise to generate policy goals and recommendations.

Recent work has revealed quantum coherent phase slips and current quantization in superconductors, phenomena dual to Cooper pair tunneling and voltage quantization. By combining the two effects, the authors demonstrate a Bloch transistor, a device that delivers quantized current and features a unique phase-locking mechanism.

A technique called condense-seq has been developed to measure nucleosome condensability and used to show that mononucleosomes contain sufficient information to condense into large-scale compartments without requiring any external factors.

Given rising diabetes prevalence globally, access to diabetes treatments is gaining urgency. Here, the authors show patterns of glucose-lowering medication use for diabetes across 62 low- and middle-income countries.

Crystalline materials for optical applications are synthesized in living dinoflagellates.

Here, the authors propose the Antarctic Ecosystem Value Index, an Earth systems model-based measure of marine ecological value. The index identifies potential present and future high-value locations, which often fall within coastal polynyas.

Here the authors compare genetic testing strategies in rare movement disorders, improve diagnostic yield with genome analysis, and establish CD99L2 as an X-linked spastic ataxia gene, showing that CD99L2–CAPN1 signaling disruption likely drives neurodegeneration.

Using cryo-EM, the authors identified 42 MIPs, including outer junction protein CFAP77 and outer dense fibers, in native doublet microtubules of Tetrahymena thermophila. Knockout of CFAP77 reduced ciliary beat frequency and led to outer junction damage.

HIV-1 integrase forms an RNA-binding module on the luminal side of the mature capsid lattice.

Reprograming the tumor microenvironment is a promising strategy to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with malignant melanoma. Here, the authors report a phase 1/2 study evaluating the combination of LOAd703 (viral-vector encoding CD40L and 4-1BBL) with atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) in patients with ICI-resistant, malignant melanoma.

This study finds that cell segmentation errors affect numerous downstream applications of spatial transcriptomics data and provides a method to correct these errors by factorizing molecular neighborhoods.

This study shows how the bacterial retron Eco2 defends against viruses. Phage nucleases trigger activation of Eco2, which cuts RNAs, shuts down protein production and stops phage replication.

Battery electrode binders are hard to image but strongly affect battery performance. Here, authors use silver and bromine staining to reveal common cellulose- and rubber-based binders in graphite and Si negative electrodes and identify processing that reduces electrode resistance.

Exposure to inflammation drives hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) aging, limiting their self-renewal capacity and differentiation. Here, the authors explore the mechanistic link between inflammation and HSC aging. Using mouse models, they identify the innate immune RNA sensor MDA5 as a key mediator of HSC aging and show that MDA5 loss ameliorates the aging phenotype by improving proteostasis in aged HSCs.

Langstein-Skora, Schmid, Huth et al. propose that intrinsically disordered region functionality can be driven by the interplay between linear binding motifs and contextual chemical characteristics such as charge and hydrophobicity.

A follow-up analysis of a clinical trial that evaluated anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with cancer who are living with HIV provides mechanistic insights into transcriptomic, cellular and cytokine changes related to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment and identifies a signature associated with clinical response.

High energy use in controlled environment agriculture clouds its potential as a lower-carbon option for agri-food transformations. The authors find that using a Maximum Energy-use Threshold in specific contexts can provide a potential solution.

GGC repeat expansions causing oculopharyngeal myopathy with or without leukoencephalopathy are located in small open reading frames and translated into polyglycine proteins that form cellular aggregates, driving neuronal and muscle cell dysfunction.

PCNA–PAF15 has a key role in determining replisome dynamics during genome replication and protecting against genome instability.

Active matter systems, which include biological and synthetic components that consume energy to generate motion, exhibit complex behaviors influenced by their interactions with boundaries. This study reveals that surface-attached active drops can adopt a diverse range of stable shapes and internal flows, significantly expanding our understanding of their morphodynamics and providing insights for the design of advanced active materials.

In vivo base editing of a causative mutation that leads to the neurodevelopmental disorder Snijders Blok–Campeau syndrome restores protein dosage and ameliorates molecular and behavioural deficits in a humanized mouse model of the condition.

In a phase 1 trial, personalized mRNA vaccines tailored to individual tumour mutations in triple-negative breast cancer induced robust, long-lasting T cell responses and improved prognosis.

The combination of within-species variation in pathogen load, the shape of the relationship between pathogen load and infectiousness, and vector feeding preferences shape transmission of multi-host vector-borne pathogens. Here, the authors use experimental and wild bird infection data to characterize the role of 17 host bird species in avian malaria transmission in Hawaii.

People constantly decide whether to stop what they are doing to do something else. Here, the authors show that the quality of available options has a greater influence on people’s decisions to help others than to help themselves.

Zhang et al. show that the activation of RIPK1 is suppressed by acetylhypusination in a spermidine-dependent manner. Disruption of this axis contributes to RIPK1-mediated vascular pathology to promote insulin resistance and diabetic kidney pathology.

The authors developed a microfluidic device, FIND-Chip, designed to automate and enhance oocyte recovery from follicular fluid, a process traditionally done manually. When used in clinical settings, the device recovered additional oocytes missed during manual screening, substantially increasing the number of viable oocytes available for in vitro fertilization.

CD38 is highly expressed by antibody-secreting cells (ASC) and depleting antibodies targeting CD38 have the potential to treat autoimmune diseases with ASC involvement. Here authors treat systemic lupus erythematosus patients with the ASC-depleting anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab in addition to dexamethasone in the frame of a single arm, open-label phase 2 clinical trial to show marked improvements in their clinical and immunological status.

Nitrogen isotope tree-ring chronologies show that rising atmospheric CO₂ has reduced nitrogen availability in boreal forests in Sweden, suggesting that elevated atmospheric CO₂ is causing oligotrophication in boreal forests.

The deep learning model STARLING can generate accurate ensembles of intrinsically disordered regions of proteins using only protein sequence as input.

A human spinal cord organoid model can replicate two different types of spinal cord injury and can be used as an in vitro system to evaluate therapeutics and inflammatory reactions to treatments.

An outbreak of MPXV in sooty mangabeys in Côte d’Ivoire was linked to MPXV-infected fire-footed rope squirrels, providing direct evidence of interspecies transmission and indicating risk for zoonotic transmission of MPXV from both hosts.

Sequencing of marine sediments finds 136 newly identified Heimdallarchaeia and several novel lineages, and indicates that Heimdallarchaeia evolved distinct metabolic capabilities from other Asgardarchaeota, in conditions that may have given rise to early eukaryotes.

As the aluminum analogues of alkenes, dialumenes have the potential to lose one or two π-bonding electrons, forming dialumene-derived radical cations or dications, but they are challenging to isolate due to intrinsic electron deficiency. Here, the authors present the synthesis of a stable aluminum-centered radical cation and dication.

The authors find that distinct radial glia subtypes generate and support midbrain dopaminergic neurons, revealing specialized function and lineage relationships among the diverse cell types that shape dopamine neuron development.

Vestibular schwannomas that are caused by genetic mutations in the NF2 gene are hard to treat and lead to hearing loss. Here authors show in a mouse model that faithfully represents the human condition that combination therapy with anti-PD-1 and anti-VEGF inhibits tumor growth via normalizing the tumor vasculature and enhances T and NK cell antitumor cytotoxicity via upregulation of NKG2D.

Native state proteomics of PV interneurons revealed unique molecular features of high translational and metabolic activity, and enrichment of Alzheimer’s risk genes. Early amyloid pathology exerted unique effects on mitochondria, mTOR signaling and neurotransmission in PV neurons.

Viral ribonucleoprotein–viral protein networks form pre-replication centres that nucleate viral factories and drive respiratory syncytial virus replication.

This paper uses multiomics to profile a large cohort of meningioma samples to highlight the role of the tumor microenvironment in driving the epigenetic changes underpinning tumor classification and prediction of outcome.

KRAS mutations are keenly associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and represent a potential therapeutic target. Here the authors present the findings from a phase I clinical trial testing pooled KRAS mutant peptides in combination with immune checkpoint blockade in patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Bright electron bunches power particle physics and photon science. Here, reproducible bunches were generated in a plasma with simultaneous high charge per unit energy and low emittance, advancing a scheme to produce ultra-bright bunches in future.

Proteomic data from natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae provide insight into how these cells tolerate aneuploidy (an imbalance in the number of chromosomes), and reveal differences between lab-engineered aneuploids and diverse natural yeasts.

The role of normally silenced transposable elements (TEs) in tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here, the authors show that increased expression of TEs in both patients and mice with colitis or by DNA hypomethylating drugs elicits a viral mimicry response that suppresses tumorigenesis. This viral mimicry response inhibits the stemness of cancer initiating cells in a cell autonomous manner.